posts_gdocs: 1bKv39tb9Q9ziXgoa1CiLqZmuWuPBjEmzAeKPHcMhP7k
This data as json
| id | slug | type | content | published | createdAt | publishedAt | updatedAt | publicationContext | revisionId | breadcrumbs | markdown | title |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1bKv39tb9Q9ziXgoa1CiLqZmuWuPBjEmzAeKPHcMhP7k | sdgs/peace-justice-institutions | article | {
"toc": [
{
"slug": "target-16-1-reduce-violence-everywhere",
"text": "Reduce violence everywhere",
"title": "Reduce violence everywhere",
"supertitle": "Target 16.1",
"isSubheading": false
},
{
"slug": "sdg-indicator-16-1-1-intentional-homicides",
"text": "Intentional homicides",
"title": "Intentional homicides",
"supertitle": "SDG Indicator 16.1.1",
"isSubheading": true
},
{
"slug": "sdg-indicator-16-1-2-conflict-related-deaths",
"text": "Conflict-related deaths",
"title": "Conflict-related deaths",
"supertitle": "SDG Indicator 16.1.2",
"isSubheading": true
},
{
"slug": "sdg-indicator-16-1-3-prevalence-of-all-forms-of-violence",
"text": "Prevalence of all forms of violence",
"title": "Prevalence of all forms of violence",
"supertitle": "SDG Indicator 16.1.3",
"isSubheading": true
},
{
"slug": "sdg-indicator-16-1-4-public-safety",
"text": "Public safety",
"title": "Public safety",
"supertitle": "SDG Indicator 16.1.4",
"isSubheading": true
},
{
"slug": "target-16-2-protect-children-from-abuse-exploitation-trafficking-and-violence",
"text": "Protect children from abuse, exploitation, trafficking and violence",
"title": "Protect children from abuse, exploitation, trafficking and violence",
"supertitle": "Target 16.2",
"isSubheading": false
},
{
"slug": "sdg-indicator-16-2-1-violence-against-children",
"text": "Violence against children",
"title": "Violence against children",
"supertitle": "SDG Indicator 16.2.1",
"isSubheading": true
},
{
"slug": "sdg-indicator-16-2-2-human-trafficking",
"text": "Human trafficking",
"title": "Human trafficking",
"supertitle": "SDG Indicator 16.2.2",
"isSubheading": true
},
{
"slug": "sdg-indicator-16-2-3-sexual-violence-against-young-men-and-women",
"text": "Sexual violence against young men and women",
"title": "Sexual violence against young men and women",
"supertitle": "SDG Indicator 16.2.3",
"isSubheading": true
},
{
"slug": "target-16-3-promote-the-rule-of-law-and-ensure-equal-access-to-justice",
"text": "Promote the rule of law and ensure equal access to justice",
"title": "Promote the rule of law and ensure equal access to justice",
"supertitle": "Target 16.3",
"isSubheading": false
},
{
"slug": "sdg-indicator-16-3-1-victim-reports-of-crime",
"text": "Victim reports of crime",
"title": "Victim reports of crime",
"supertitle": "SDG Indicator 16.3.1",
"isSubheading": true
},
{
"slug": "sdg-indicator-16-3-2-unsentenced-detainees",
"text": "Unsentenced detainees",
"title": "Unsentenced detainees",
"supertitle": "SDG Indicator 16.3.2",
"isSubheading": true
},
{
"slug": "sdg-indicator-16-3-3-dispute-resolution",
"text": "Dispute resolution",
"title": "Dispute resolution",
"supertitle": "SDG Indicator 16.3.3",
"isSubheading": true
},
{
"slug": "target-16-4-combat-organized-crime-and-illicit-financial-and-arms-flows",
"text": "Combat organized crime and illicit financial and arms flows",
"title": "Combat organized crime and illicit financial and arms flows",
"supertitle": "Target 16.4",
"isSubheading": false
},
{
"slug": "sdg-indicator-16-4-1-illicit-financial-flows",
"text": "Illicit financial flows",
"title": "Illicit financial flows",
"supertitle": "SDG Indicator 16.4.1",
"isSubheading": true
},
{
"slug": "sdg-indicator-16-4-2-seized-or-surrendered-arms",
"text": "Seized or surrendered arms",
"title": "Seized or surrendered arms",
"supertitle": "SDG Indicator 16.4.2",
"isSubheading": true
},
{
"slug": "target-16-5-substantially-reduce-corruption-and-bribery",
"text": "Substantially reduce corruption and bribery",
"title": "Substantially reduce corruption and bribery",
"supertitle": "Target 16.5",
"isSubheading": false
},
{
"slug": "sdg-indicator-16-5-1-bribery-prevalence",
"text": "Bribery prevalence",
"title": "Bribery prevalence",
"supertitle": "SDG Indicator 16.5.1",
"isSubheading": true
},
{
"slug": "sdg-indicator-16-5-2-bribery-in-business",
"text": "Bribery in business",
"title": "Bribery in business",
"supertitle": "SDG Indicator 16.5.2",
"isSubheading": true
},
{
"slug": "target-16-6-develop-effective-accountable-and-transparent-institutions",
"text": "Develop effective, accountable and transparent institutions",
"title": "Develop effective, accountable and transparent institutions",
"supertitle": "Target 16.6",
"isSubheading": false
},
{
"slug": "sdg-indicator-16-6-1-governmental-expenditures-within-budgets",
"text": "Governmental expenditures within budgets",
"title": "Governmental expenditures within budgets",
"supertitle": "SDG Indicator 16.6.1",
"isSubheading": true
},
{
"slug": "sdg-indicator-16-6-2-satisfaction-with-public-services",
"text": "Satisfaction with public services",
"title": "Satisfaction with public services",
"supertitle": "SDG Indicator 16.6.2",
"isSubheading": true
},
{
"slug": "target-16-7-ensure-responsive-inclusive-and-representative-decision-making",
"text": "Ensure responsive, inclusive and representative decision-making",
"title": "Ensure responsive, inclusive and representative decision-making",
"supertitle": "Target 16.7",
"isSubheading": false
},
{
"slug": "sdg-indicator-16-7-1-representation-in-public-institutions",
"text": "Representation in public institutions",
"title": "Representation in public institutions",
"supertitle": "SDG Indicator 16.7.1",
"isSubheading": true
},
{
"slug": "sdg-indicator-16-7-2-inclusive-decision-making",
"text": "Inclusive decision-making",
"title": "Inclusive decision-making",
"supertitle": "SDG Indicator 16.7.2",
"isSubheading": true
},
{
"slug": "target-16-8-strengthen-the-participation-in-global-governance",
"text": "Strengthen the participation in global governance",
"title": "Strengthen the participation in global governance",
"supertitle": "Target 16.8",
"isSubheading": false
},
{
"slug": "sdg-indicator-16-8-1-developing-country-participation-in-international-organizations",
"text": "Developing country participation in international organizations",
"title": "Developing country participation in international organizations",
"supertitle": "SDG Indicator 16.8.1",
"isSubheading": true
},
{
"slug": "target-16-9-provide-universal-legal-identity",
"text": "Provide universal legal identity",
"title": "Provide universal legal identity",
"supertitle": "Target 16.9",
"isSubheading": false
},
{
"slug": "sdg-indicator-16-9-1-birth-registration",
"text": "Birth registration",
"title": "Birth registration",
"supertitle": "SDG Indicator 16.9.1",
"isSubheading": true
},
{
"slug": "target-16-10-ensure-public-access-to-information-and-protect-fundamental-freedoms",
"text": "Ensure public access to information and protect fundamental freedoms",
"title": "Ensure public access to information and protect fundamental freedoms",
"supertitle": "Target 16.10",
"isSubheading": false
},
{
"slug": "sdg-indicator-16-10-1-journalist-and-media-killings",
"text": "Journalist and media killings",
"title": "Journalist and media killings",
"supertitle": "SDG Indicator 16.10.1",
"isSubheading": true
},
{
"slug": "sdg-indicator-16-10-2-public-access-to-information",
"text": "Public access to information",
"title": "Public access to information",
"supertitle": "SDG Indicator 16.10.2",
"isSubheading": true
},
{
"slug": "target-16-a-strengthen-national-institutions-to-prevent-violence-and-combat-crime-and-terrorism",
"text": "Strengthen national institutions to prevent violence and combat crime and terrorism",
"title": "Strengthen national institutions to prevent violence and combat crime and terrorism",
"supertitle": "Target 16.a",
"isSubheading": false
},
{
"slug": "sdg-indicator-16-a-1-national-human-rights-institutions",
"text": "National human rights institutions",
"title": "National human rights institutions",
"supertitle": "SDG Indicator 16.a.1",
"isSubheading": true
},
{
"slug": "target-16-b-promote-and-enforce-non-discriminatory-laws-and-policies",
"text": "Promote and enforce non-discriminatory laws and policies",
"title": "Promote and enforce non-discriminatory laws and policies",
"supertitle": "Target 16.b",
"isSubheading": false
},
{
"slug": "sdg-indicator-16-b-1-public-discrimination",
"text": "Public discrimination",
"title": "Public discrimination",
"supertitle": "SDG Indicator 16.b.1",
"isSubheading": true
}
],
"body": [
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"children": [
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"text": "Sustainable Development Goal 16 is to \u201cpromote just, peaceful and inclusive societies\u201d, ",
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"url": "https://www.un.org/sustainabledevelopment/peace-justice/",
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"text": "according to the United Nations",
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"text": ".",
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"text": "The visualizations and data below present the latest data on our progress there.",
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"text": "The ",
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"url": "https://unstats.un.org/sdgs/indicators/Global%20Indicator%20Framework%20after%202023%20refinement_Eng.pdf",
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"text": "UN has defined",
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"text": " 12 ",
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"text": "targets",
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"text": " and 23 ",
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"text": "indicators",
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"text": " for SDG 16. Targets specify the goals and indicators represent the metrics by which the world aims to track whether these targets are achieved. Below we quote the original text of all targets and show the data on the agreed and some related indicators.",
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"text": "Reduce violence everywhere",
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"text": "Target 16.1",
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"text": "Intentional homicides",
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"text": "SDG Indicator 16.1.1",
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"text": "Definition of the SDG indicator:",
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{
"text": " Indicator 16.1.1 is the \u201cnumber of victims of intentional homicide per 100,000 population, by sex and age\u201d in the",
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"text": " ",
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"url": "https://unstats.un.org/sdgs/indicators/Global%20Indicator%20Framework%20after%202023%20refinement_Eng.pdf",
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"text": "UN SDG framework",
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"text": "Intentional homicides are unlawful deaths inflicted upon a person with the intent to cause death or serious injury.",
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"text": "Data for this indicator is shown in the interactive visualization.",
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"text": " \u201cSignificantly reduce all forms of violence and related death rates\u201d across all countries by 2030.",
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"text": "More research:",
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"text": " Further data and research can be found at the ",
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"text": "Our World in Data",
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"text": " topic page on ",
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"text": "Homicide rate in 1990 vs. 2020",
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"text": "Definition of the SDG indicator:",
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"text": " Indicator 16.1.2 is \u201cconflict-related deaths per 100,000 population, by sex, age and cause\u201d in the",
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"text": "Data for this indicator is shown in the interactive visualization, using data from the Uppsala Conflict Data Program. It includes both deaths from conflicts within countries and between them.",
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"text": " \u201cSignificantly reduce all forms of violence and related death rates\u201d across all countries by 2030.",
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"text": " and ",
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"text": "Terrorism",
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"text": " Indicator 16.1.3 is the \u201cproportion of population subjected to (a) physical violence, (b) psychological violence and (c) sexual violence in the previous 12 months\u201d, in the ",
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"text": "Data for this indicator is shown in two interactive visualizations for physical and sexual violence by gender. Data on psychological violence is not currently available.",
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"text": " \u201cSignificantly reduce all forms of violence and related death rates\u201d across all countries by 2030.",
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1 | 2022-10-13 07:54:14 | 2023-07-18 14:11:46 | 2024-01-29 15:11:10 | unlisted | ALBJ4Lt_OWM_AJgbCwkzCNaJil2J2FIBx33TfORjusCSuKiOU_fWUCMMbTwsCqUSAOK4LQ5Sjs5OObRh2GRggg | [
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}
] |
_Sustainable Development Goal 16 is to “promote just, peaceful and inclusive societies”, __[according to the United Nations](https://www.un.org/sustainabledevelopment/peace-justice/)__._ The visualizations and data below present the latest data on our progress there. The [UN has defined](https://unstats.un.org/sdgs/indicators/Global%20Indicator%20Framework%20after%202023%20refinement_Eng.pdf) 12 _targets_ and 23 _indicators_ for SDG 16. Targets specify the goals and indicators represent the metrics by which the world aims to track whether these targets are achieved. Below we quote the original text of all targets and show the data on the agreed and some related indicators. ## Target 16.1 Reduce violence everywhere ### SDG Indicator 16.1.1 Intentional homicides **Definition of the SDG indicator:** Indicator 16.1.1 is the “number of victims of intentional homicide per 100,000 population, by sex and age” in the_ _[UN SDG framework](https://unstats.un.org/sdgs/indicators/Global%20Indicator%20Framework%20after%202023%20refinement_Eng.pdf). Intentional homicides are unlawful deaths inflicted upon a person with the intent to cause death or serious injury. Data for this indicator is shown in the interactive visualization. **Target:** “Significantly reduce all forms of violence and related death rates” across all countries by 2030. **More research:** Further data and research can be found at the _Our World in Data_ topic page on [Homicides](https://ourworldindata.org/homicides). <AdditionalCharts> * [Number of homicides](https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/number-of-homicides-unodc) * [Homicide rate in 1990 vs. 2020](https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/homicide-rate-1990-vs-2019) * [Female homicide rate](https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/female-homicide-rate) * [Male homicide rate](https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/male-homicide-rate) * [Homicide rate by age of the victim](https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/homicide-rate-by-age) </AdditionalCharts> <Chart url="https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/intentional-homicides-per-100000-people"/> ### SDG Indicator 16.1.2 Conflict-related deaths **Definition of the SDG indicator:** Indicator 16.1.2 is “conflict-related deaths per 100,000 population, by sex, age and cause” in the_ _[UN SDG framework](https://unstats.un.org/sdgs/indicators/Global%20Indicator%20Framework%20after%202023%20refinement_Eng.pdf). Data for this indicator is shown in the interactive visualization, using data from the Uppsala Conflict Data Program. It includes both deaths from conflicts within countries and between them. **Target:** “Significantly reduce all forms of violence and related death rates” across all countries by 2030. **More research:** Further data and research can be found at the _Our World in Data_ topic pages on [War and Peace](https://ourworldindata.org/war-and-peace) and [Terrorism](https://ourworldindata.org/terrorism). <AdditionalCharts> * [Death rate in armed conflicts](https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/death-rate-in-armed-conflicts) * [Deaths in armed conflicts by type](https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/deaths-in-conflicts-and-one-sided-violence) * [Deaths in state-based conflicts by region](https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/deaths-in-state-based-conflicts-by-region) * [Deaths from terrorism](https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/fatalities-from-terrorism) </AdditionalCharts> <Chart url="https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/deaths-in-armed-conflicts-by-country"/> ### SDG Indicator 16.1.3 Prevalence of all forms of violence **Definition:** Indicator 16.1.3 is the “proportion of population subjected to (a) physical violence, (b) psychological violence and (c) sexual violence in the previous 12 months”, in the [UN SDG framework](https://unstats.un.org/sdgs/indicators/Global%20Indicator%20Framework%20after%202022%20refinement_Eng.pdf). Data for this indicator is shown in two interactive visualizations for physical and sexual violence by gender. Data on psychological violence is not currently available. **Target:** “Significantly reduce all forms of violence and related death rates” across all countries by 2030. undefined ### SDG Indicator 16.1.4 Public safety **Definition of the SDG indicator:** Indicator 16.1.4 is the “proportion of population that feel safe walking alone around the area they live after dark” in the_ _[UN SDG framework](https://unstats.un.org/sdgs/indicators/Global%20Indicator%20Framework%20after%202023%20refinement_Eng.pdf). Data for this indicator is shown in the interactive visualization. **Target:** “Significantly reduce all forms of violence and related death rates” across all countries by 2030. <Chart url="https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/safety-walking-alone"/> ## Target 16.2 Protect children from abuse, exploitation, trafficking and violence ### SDG Indicator 16.2.1 Violence against children **Definition of the SDG indicator:** Indicator 16.2.1 is the “proportion of children aged 1–17 years who experienced any physical punishment and/or psychological aggression by caregivers in the past month” in the_ _[UN SDG framework](https://unstats.un.org/sdgs/indicators/Global%20Indicator%20Framework%20after%202023%20refinement_Eng.pdf). This indicator is measured as the percentage of children aged 14 years and younger who experienced physical punishment or psychological aggression from a caregiver in the previous month. Data on violence to adolescents older than 14 years, or violence beyond the home is not available. Data for this indicator is shown in the interactive visualization. **Target:** “End abuse, exploitation, trafficking and all forms of violence against and torture of children” across all countries by 2030. **More research:** Further data and research can be found at the _Our World in Data_ topic page on [Violence Against & Rights for Children](https://ourworldindata.org/violence-against-rights-for-children). <Chart url="https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/share-of-children-who-experienced-violence"/> ### SDG Indicator 16.2.2 Human trafficking **Definition:** Indicator 16.2.2 is the “number of victims of human trafficking per 100,000 population, by sex, age and form of exploitation” in the_ _[UN SDG framework](https://unstats.un.org/sdgs/indicators/Global%20Indicator%20Framework%20after%202023%20refinement_Eng.pdf). Data for this indicator is shown for the total number of human trafficking victims, and by gender for those aged 18 years and younger, and those over 18 years. **Target:** “End abuse, exploitation, trafficking and all forms of violence against and torture of children” across all countries by 2030. **More research:** Further data and research can be found at the _Our World in Data_ topic page on [Human Rights](https://ourworldindata.org/human-rights) and [Violence Against & Rights for Children](https://ourworldindata.org/violence-against-rights-for-children). undefined ### SDG Indicator 16.2.3 Sexual violence against young men and women **Definition of the SDG indicator:** Indicator 16.2.3 is the “proportion of young women and men aged 18–29 years who experienced sexual violence by age 18” in the_ _[UN SDG framework](https://unstats.un.org/sdgs/indicators/Global%20Indicator%20Framework%20after%202023%20refinement_Eng.pdf). Data for this indicator is shown for any form of sexual violence by gender. We also show data for the more narrowly defined forced sex. **Target:** “End abuse, exploitation, trafficking and all forms of violence against and torture of children” across all countries by 2030. **More research:** Further data and research can be found at the _Our World in Data_ topic page on [Violence Against & Rights for Children](https://ourworldindata.org/violence-against-rights-for-children). undefined ## Target 16.3 Promote the rule of law and ensure equal access to justice ### SDG Indicator 16.3.1 Victim reports of crime **Definition of the SDG indicator:** Indicator 16.3.1 is the “proportion of victims of violence in the previous 12 months who reported their victimization to competent authorities or other officially recognized conflict resolution mechanisms” in the_ _[UN SDG framework](https://unstats.un.org/sdgs/indicators/Global%20Indicator%20Framework%20after%202023%20refinement_Eng.pdf). Data for this indicator is shown in the interactive visualization by type of crime. **Target:** “Promote the rule of law at the national and international levels and ensure equal access to justice for all” across all countries by 2030. <Chart url="https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/share-of-victims-who-reported-crime-to-the-police"/> ### SDG Indicator 16.3.2 Unsentenced detainees **Definition of the SDG indicator:** Indicator 16.3.2 is “unsentenced detainees as a proportion of overall prison population” in the_ _[UN SDG framework](https://unstats.un.org/sdgs/indicators/Global%20Indicator%20Framework%20after%202023%20refinement_Eng.pdf). Data for this indicator is shown in the interactive visualization. **Target:** “Promote the rule of law at the national and international levels and ensure equal access to justice for all” across all countries by 2030. <Chart url="https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/unsentenced-detainees-as-proportion-of-prison-population"/> ### SDG Indicator 16.3.3 Dispute resolution **Definition of the SDG indicator:** Indicator 16.3.3 is the “proportion of the population who have experienced a dispute in the past two years and who accessed a formal or informal dispute resolution mechanism, by type of mechanism” in the_ _[UN SDG framework](https://unstats.un.org/sdgs/indicators/Global%20Indicator%20Framework%20after%202023%20refinement_Eng.pdf). Data for this indicator is so far available for few countries, shown in the interactive visualization. **Target:** “Promote the rule of law at the national and international levels and ensure equal access to justice for all” across all countries by 2030. <AdditionalCharts> * [Access to justice for men](https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/access-to-justice-men-row) * [Access to justice for women](https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/access-to-justice-women-row) </AdditionalCharts> <Chart url="https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/share-of-people-with-disputes-using-a-dispute-resolution-mechanism"/> ## Target 16.4 Combat organized crime and illicit financial and arms flows ### SDG Indicator 16.4.1 Illicit financial flows **Definition of the SDG indicator:** Indicator 16.4.1 is the “total value of inward and outward illicit financial flows (in current United States dollars)” in the_ _[UN SDG framework](https://unstats.un.org/sdgs/indicators/Global%20Indicator%20Framework%20after%202023%20refinement_Eng.pdf). There is currently limited data availability for this indicator. For a small number of countries sata regarding illicit financial flows from drug trafficking is available and is shown here. **Target:** “Significantly reduce illicit financial and arms flows, strengthen the recovery and return of stolen assets and combat all forms of organized crime” across all countries by 2030. undefined ### SDG Indicator 16.4.2 Seized or surrendered arms **Definition of the SDG indicator:** Indicator 16.4.2 is the “proportion of seized, found or surrendered arms whose illicit origin or context has been traced or established by a competent authority in line with international instruments” in the_ _[UN SDG framework](https://unstats.un.org/sdgs/indicators/Global%20Indicator%20Framework%20after%202023%20refinement_Eng.pdf). Data on this indicator is shown in the interactive visualization. **Target:** “Significantly reduce illicit financial and arms flows, strengthen the recovery and return of stolen assets and combat all forms of organized crime” across all countries by 2030. <Chart url="https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/share-of-small-with-illicit-origin"/> ## Target 16.5 Substantially reduce corruption and bribery ### SDG Indicator 16.5.1 Bribery prevalence **Definition of the SDG indicator:** Indicator 16.5.1 is the “proportion of persons who had at least one contact with a public official and who paid a bribe to a public official, or were asked for a bribe by those public officials, during the previous 12 months” in the_ _[UN SDG framework](https://unstats.un.org/sdgs/indicators/Global%20Indicator%20Framework%20after%202023%20refinement_Eng.pdf). Data on this indicator is shown in the interactive visualization. **Target:** “Substantially reduce corruption and bribery in all their forms” across all countries by 2030. **More research:** Further data and research can be found at the _Our World in Data_ topic page on [Corruption](https://ourworldindata.org/corruption). <Chart url="https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/bribery-prevalence-un"/> ### SDG Indicator 16.5.2 Bribery in business **Definition of the SDG indicator:** Indicator 16.5.2 is the “proportion of businesses that had at least one contact with a public official and that paid a bribe to a public official, or were asked for a bribe by those public officials during the previous 12 months” in the_ _[UN SDG framework](https://unstats.un.org/sdgs/indicators/Global%20Indicator%20Framework%20after%202023%20refinement_Eng.pdf). The indicator is measured differently, as the share of firms experiencing at least one bribe payment request across 6 public transactions dealing with utilities access, permits, licences, and taxes. Data for this indicator is shown in the interactive visualization. **Target:** “Substantially reduce corruption and bribery in all their forms” across all countries by 2030. **More research:** Further data and research can be found at the _Our World in Data_ topic page on [Corruption](https://ourworldindata.org/corruption). <Chart url="https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/bribery-incidence-for-firms"/> ## Target 16.6 Develop effective, accountable and transparent institutions ### SDG Indicator 16.6.1 Governmental expenditures within budgets **Definition of the SDG indicator:** Indicator 16.6.1 is “primary government expenditures as a proportion of original approved budget, by sector (or by budget codes or similar)” in the_ _[UN SDG framework](https://unstats.un.org/sdgs/indicators/Global%20Indicator%20Framework%20after%202023%20refinement_Eng.pdf). This indicator is measured as the ratio between aggregate budget expenditure and the amount originally approved, expressed in percentage terms. Data on this indicator is shown in the interactive visualization. **Target:** “Develop effective, accountable and transparent institutions at all levels” by 2030. **More research:** Further data and research can be found at the _Our World in Data_ topic page on [Government spending](https://ourworldindata.org/government-spending). <Chart url="https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/govt-expenditure-share-budget"/> ### SDG Indicator 16.6.2 Satisfaction with public services **Definition of the SDG indicator:** Indicator 16.6.2 is the “proportion of population satisfied with their last experience of public services” in the_ _[UN SDG framework](https://unstats.un.org/sdgs/indicators/Global%20Indicator%20Framework%20after%202023%20refinement_Eng.pdf). Data for this indicator is so far available for few countries, shown in the interactive visualization. **Target:** “Develop effective, accountable and transparent institutions at all levels” by 2030. **More research:** Further data and research can be found at the _Our World in Data_ topic page on [Trust](https://ourworldindata.org/trust). <Chart url="https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/share-of-population-satisfied-with-government-services"/> ## Target 16.7 Ensure responsive, inclusive and representative decision-making ### SDG Indicator 16.7.1 Representation in public institutions **Definition of the SDG indicator:** Indicator 16.7.1 is the “proportions of positions in national and local institutions, including (a) the legislatures; (b) the public service; and (c) the judiciary, compared to national distributions, by sex, age, persons with disabilities and population groups” in the_ _[UN SDG framework](https://unstats.un.org/sdgs/indicators/Global%20Indicator%20Framework%20after%202023%20refinement_Eng.pdf). Data for this indicator is shown in the interactive visualizations for women’s representation in the legislature and the judiciary. **Target:** “Ensure responsive, inclusive, participatory and representative decision-making at all levels” by 2030. **More research:** Further data and research can be found at the _Our World in Data_ topic page on [Women’s Rights](https://ourworldindata.org/women-rights). <AdditionalCharts> * [Countries by share of women in parliament](https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/countries-by-share-of-women-in-parliament) * [Distribution of women’s share in parliament](https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/distribution-of-women-share-in-parliament) </AdditionalCharts> undefined ### SDG Indicator 16.7.2 Inclusive decision-making **Definition of the SDG indicator:** Indicator 16.7.2 is the “proportion of population who believe decision-making is inclusive and responsive, by sex, age, disability and population group” in the_ _[UN SDG framework](https://unstats.un.org/sdgs/indicators/Global%20Indicator%20Framework%20after%202023%20refinement_Eng.pdf). Data for this indicator is so far available for few countries, shown in the interactive visualization. **Target:** “Ensure responsive, inclusive, participatory and representative decision-making at all levels” by 2030. <Chart url="https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/share-of-people-who-find-political-decision-making-inclusive-and-responsive"/> ## Target 16.8 Strengthen the participation in global governance ### SDG Indicator 16.8.1 Developing country participation in international organizations **Definition of the SDG indicator:** Indicator 16.8.1 is the “proportion of members and voting rights of developing countries in international organizations” in the_ _[UN SDG framework](https://unstats.un.org/sdgs/indicators/Global%20Indicator%20Framework%20after%202023%20refinement_Eng.pdf). This indicator shows international organizations each country or region is a member of, and the proportion of voting rights each country is allocated in each organization. Data for this indicator is shown in the interactive visualizations. **Target:** “Broaden and strengthen the participation of developing countries in the institutions of global governance” by 2030. undefined ## Target 16.9 Provide universal legal identity ### SDG Indicator 16.9.1 Birth registration **Definition of the SDG indicastor:** Indicator 16.9.1 is the “proportion of children under 5 years of age whose births have been registered with a civil authority, by age” in the_ _[UN SDG framework](https://unstats.un.org/sdgs/indicators/Global%20Indicator%20Framework%20after%202023%20refinement_Eng.pdf). Data for this indicator is shown in the interactive visualization. **Target:** “Provide legal identity for all, including birth registration” by 2030. This requires universal birth registration in all countries by 2030. **More research:** Further data and research can be found at the _Our World in Data_ topic page on [World Population Growth](https://ourworldindata.org/world-population-growth). <Chart url="https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/births-registered"/> ## Target 16.10 Ensure public access to information and protect fundamental freedoms ### SDG Indicator 16.10.1 Journalist and media killings **Definition of the SDG indicator:** Indicator 16.10.1 is the “number of verified cases of killing, kidnapping, enforced disappearance, arbitrary detention and torture of journalists, associated media personnel, trade unionists and human rights advocates in the previous 12 months” in the_ _[UN SDG framework](https://unstats.un.org/sdgs/indicators/Global%20Indicator%20Framework%20after%202023%20refinement_Eng.pdf). Data is available for the number of killings of human rights defenders, journalists, and trade unionists by gender. **Target:** “Ensure public access to information and protect fundamental freedoms, in accordance with national legislation and international agreements” across all countries by 2030. **More research:** Further data and research can be found at the _Our World in Data_ topic page on [Human Rights](https://ourworldindata.org/human-rights). <Chart url="https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/cases-of-killed-human-rights-defenders-journalists-trade-unionists"/> ### SDG Indicator 16.10.2 Public access to information **Definition of the SDG indicator:** Indicator 16.10.2 is the “number of countries that adopt and implement constitutional, statutory and/or policy guarantees for public access to information” in the_ _[UN SDG framework](https://unstats.un.org/sdgs/indicators/Global%20Indicator%20Framework%20after%202023%20refinement_Eng.pdf). Data on this indicator is shown in the interactive visualization. **Target:** “Ensure public access to information and protect fundamental freedoms, in accordance with national legislation and international agreements” across all countries by 2030. <Chart url="https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/countries-that-adopt-guarantees-for-public-access-to-information"/> ## Target 16.a Strengthen national institutions to prevent violence and combat crime and terrorism ### SDG Indicator 16.a.1 National human rights institutions **Definition of the SDG indicator:** Indicator 16.a.1 is the “existence of independent national human rights institutions in compliance with the Paris Principles” in the_ _[UN SDG framework](https://unstats.un.org/sdgs/indicators/Global%20Indicator%20Framework%20after%202023%20refinement_Eng.pdf). This indicator reflects compliance of existing national human rights institutions with the Principles relating to the Status of National Institutions (The Paris Principles) based on the rules of procedure of the Global Alliance of National Human Rights Institutions (GANHRI). Data for this indicator is shown in the series of interactive visualizations. **Target:** “Strengthen relevant national institutions, including through international cooperation, for building capacity at all levels, in particular in developing countries, to prevent violence and combat terrorism and crime” across all countries by 2030. **More research:** Further data and research can be found at the _Our World in Data_ topic page on [Human Rights](https://ourworldindata.org/human-rights). undefined ## Target 16.b Promote and enforce non-discriminatory laws and policies ### SDG Indicator 16.b.1 Public discrimination **Definition of the SDG indicator:** Indicator 16.b.1 is the “proportion of population reporting having personally felt discriminated against or harassed in the previous 12 months on the basis of a ground of discrimination prohibited under international human rights law” in the_ _[UN SDG framework](https://unstats.un.org/sdgs/indicators/Global%20Indicator%20Framework%20after%202023%20refinement_Eng.pdf). Data on this indicator is shown in the interactive visualization. **Target:** “Promote and enforce non-discriminatory laws and policies for sustainable development” across all countries by 2030. **More research:** Further data and research can be found at the _Our World in Data_ topic page on [Human Rights](https://ourworldindata.org/human-rights). <Chart url="https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/share-of-the-population-reporting-having-felt-discriminated-against"/> | Promote just, peaceful and inclusive societies |