posts_gdocs: 1V8Htr3MJUBohBg0VEKBW0TwTtuTMLuqT0Fu-r_ZH91c
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1V8Htr3MJUBohBg0VEKBW0TwTtuTMLuqT0Fu-r_ZH91c | env-impacts-of-food | article | { "toc": [], "body": [ { "type": "text", "value": [ { "text": "Food, energy and water: this is what the United Nations ", "spanType": "span-simple-text" }, { "url": "https://www.unwater.org/water-facts/water-food-and-energy/", "children": [ { "text": "refers to", "spanType": "span-simple-text" } ], "spanType": "span-link" }, { "text": " as the \u2018nexus\u2019 of sustainable development. As the ", "spanType": "span-simple-text" }, { "url": "https://ourworldindata.org/world-population-growth", "children": [ { "text": "world\u2019s population", "spanType": "span-simple-text" } ], "spanType": "span-link" }, { "text": " has expanded and ", "spanType": "span-simple-text" }, { "url": "https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/average-real-gdp-per-capita-across-countries-and-regions?tab=chart&country=OWID_WRL", "children": [ { "text": "gotten richer", "spanType": "span-simple-text" } ], "spanType": "span-link" }, { "text": ", the demand for all three has seen a rapid increase. Not only has demand for all three increased, but they are also strongly interlinked: food production requires ", "spanType": "span-simple-text" }, { "url": "https://ourworldindata.org/water-use-stress", "children": [ { "text": "water", "spanType": "span-simple-text" } ], "spanType": "span-link" }, { "text": " and ", "spanType": "span-simple-text" }, { "url": "https://ourworldindata.org/energy-production-and-changing-energy-sources", "children": [ { "text": "energy", "spanType": "span-simple-text" } ], "spanType": "span-link" }, { "text": "; traditional energy production demands water resources; agriculture provides a potential energy source.", "spanType": "span-simple-text" } ], "parseErrors": [] }, { "type": "text", "value": [ { "text": "Our latest series on ", "spanType": "span-simple-text" }, { "children": [ { "text": "Our World in Data", "spanType": "span-simple-text" } ], "spanType": "span-italic" }, { "text": " focuses on the environmental impacts of food. Ensuring everyone in the world has access to a nutritious diet in a sustainable way is one of the greatest challenges we face. We cover the human aspects of food and nutrition in various entries, including ", "spanType": "span-simple-text" }, { "url": "https://ourworldindata.org/hunger-and-undernourishment", "children": [ { "text": "hunger and undernourishment", "spanType": "span-simple-text" } ], "spanType": "span-link" }, { "text": ", ", "spanType": "span-simple-text" }, { "url": "https://ourworldindata.org/micronutrient-deficiency", "children": [ { "text": "micronutrient deficiency", "spanType": "span-simple-text" } ], "spanType": "span-link" }, { "text": ", ", "spanType": "span-simple-text" }, { "url": "https://ourworldindata.org/food-per-person", "children": [ { "text": "food per person", "spanType": "span-simple-text" } ], "spanType": "span-link" }, { "text": ", ", "spanType": "span-simple-text" }, { "url": "https://ourworldindata.org/diet-compositions", "children": [ { "text": "diet compositions", "spanType": "span-simple-text" } ], "spanType": "span-link" }, { "text": " and ", "spanType": "span-simple-text" }, { "url": "https://ourworldindata.org/obesity", "children": [ { "text": "obesity", "spanType": "span-simple-text" } ], "spanType": "span-link" }, { "text": ". In this series we focus more on the environmental consequences.", "spanType": "span-simple-text" } ], "parseErrors": [] }, { "type": "text", "value": [ { "text": "What are the environmental impacts of food and agriculture?", "spanType": "span-simple-text" } ], "parseErrors": [] }, { "type": "text", "value": [ { "text": "The visualization here shows a summary of some of the main global impacts:", "spanType": "span-simple-text" } ], "parseErrors": [] }, { "type": "list", "items": [ { "type": "text", "value": [ { "text": "Food accounts for over a quarter (26%) of global greenhouse gas emissions", "spanType": "span-simple-text" }, { "url": "#note-1", "children": [ { "children": [ { "text": "1", "spanType": "span-simple-text" } ], "spanType": "span-superscript" } ], "spanType": "span-ref" }, { "text": ";", "spanType": "span-simple-text" } ], "parseErrors": [] }, { "type": "text", "value": [ { "text": "Half of the world\u2019s habitable (ice- and desert-free) land ", "spanType": "span-simple-text" }, { "url": "https://ourworldindata.org/land-use#breakdown-of-global-land-use-today", "children": [ { "text": "is used", "spanType": "span-simple-text" } ], "spanType": "span-link" }, { "text": " for agriculture;", "spanType": "span-simple-text" } ], "parseErrors": [] }, { "type": "text", "value": [ { "text": "70% of global ", "spanType": "span-simple-text" }, { "url": "https://ourworldindata.org/water-use-stress", "children": [ { "text": "freshwater withdrawals", "spanType": "span-simple-text" } ], "spanType": "span-link" }, { "text": " are used for agriculture", "spanType": "span-simple-text" }, { "url": "#note-2", "children": [ { "children": [ { "text": "2", "spanType": "span-simple-text" } ], "spanType": "span-superscript" } ], "spanType": "span-ref" }, { "text": ";", "spanType": "span-simple-text" } ], "parseErrors": [] }, { "type": "text", "value": [ { "text": "78% of global ocean and freshwater eutrophication (the pollution of waterways with nutrient-rich pollutants) is caused by agriculture", "spanType": "span-simple-text" }, { "url": "#note-1", "children": [ { "children": [ { "text": "1", "spanType": "span-simple-text" } ], "spanType": "span-superscript" } ], "spanType": "span-ref" }, { "text": ";", "spanType": "span-simple-text" } ], "parseErrors": [] }, { "type": "text", "value": [ { "text": "94% of mammal biomass (excluding humans) is livestock. This means livestock ", "spanType": "span-simple-text" }, { "url": "https://ourworldindata.org/life-on-earth", "children": [ { "text": "outweigh wild mammals", "spanType": "span-simple-text" } ], "spanType": "span-link" }, { "text": " by a factor of 15-to-1.", "spanType": "span-simple-text" }, { "url": "#note-3", "children": [ { "children": [ { "text": "3", "spanType": "span-simple-text" } ], "spanType": "span-superscript" } ], "spanType": "span-ref" } ], "parseErrors": [] } ], "parseErrors": [] }, { "type": "text", "value": [ { "text": "Food, therefore, lies at the heart of trying to tackle climate change, reducing water stress, pollution, restoring lands back to forests or grasslands, and protecting the world\u2019s wildlife.", "spanType": "span-simple-text" } ], "parseErrors": [] }, { "alt": "Bar chart of how much of the world's greenhouse gas emissions (26%); habitable land use (50%); freshwater withdrawals (70%); eutrophication (78%) and total mammal biomass (94%) results from food and agriculture.", "size": "wide", "type": "image", "filename": "Environmental-impacts-of-agriculture.png", "parseErrors": [] } ], "refs": { "errors": [], "definitions": { "20e1ffafd8b3c1ac3ca406d1fd3ff0a2dea8c14d": { "id": "20e1ffafd8b3c1ac3ca406d1fd3ff0a2dea8c14d", "index": 0, "content": [ { "type": "text", "value": [ { "text": "Poore, J., & Nemecek, T. 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1 | 2024-02-09 08:46:45 | 2019-11-04 11:00:05 | 2024-02-09 08:50:31 | listed | ALBJ4LuInD0q1t9OHkhdASbvVOO3VgXFVNPfxmB9PMyJ0_FTbWSwzIRYzWLtbX80Bx7rN1yXxLjzP3mSfnugkw | Food, energy and water: this is what the United Nations [refers to](https://www.unwater.org/water-facts/water-food-and-energy/) as the ‘nexus’ of sustainable development. As the [world’s population](https://ourworldindata.org/world-population-growth) has expanded and [gotten richer](https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/average-real-gdp-per-capita-across-countries-and-regions?tab=chart&country=OWID_WRL), the demand for all three has seen a rapid increase. Not only has demand for all three increased, but they are also strongly interlinked: food production requires [water](https://ourworldindata.org/water-use-stress) and [energy](https://ourworldindata.org/energy-production-and-changing-energy-sources); traditional energy production demands water resources; agriculture provides a potential energy source. Our latest series on _Our World in Data_ focuses on the environmental impacts of food. Ensuring everyone in the world has access to a nutritious diet in a sustainable way is one of the greatest challenges we face. We cover the human aspects of food and nutrition in various entries, including [hunger and undernourishment](https://ourworldindata.org/hunger-and-undernourishment), [micronutrient deficiency](https://ourworldindata.org/micronutrient-deficiency), [food per person](https://ourworldindata.org/food-per-person), [diet compositions](https://ourworldindata.org/diet-compositions) and [obesity](https://ourworldindata.org/obesity). In this series we focus more on the environmental consequences. What are the environmental impacts of food and agriculture? The visualization here shows a summary of some of the main global impacts: * Food accounts for over a quarter (26%) of global greenhouse gas emissions1; * Half of the world’s habitable (ice- and desert-free) land [is used](https://ourworldindata.org/land-use#breakdown-of-global-land-use-today) for agriculture; * 70% of global [freshwater withdrawals](https://ourworldindata.org/water-use-stress) are used for agriculture2; * 78% of global ocean and freshwater eutrophication (the pollution of waterways with nutrient-rich pollutants) is caused by agriculture1; * 94% of mammal biomass (excluding humans) is livestock. This means livestock [outweigh wild mammals](https://ourworldindata.org/life-on-earth) by a factor of 15-to-1.3 Food, therefore, lies at the heart of trying to tackle climate change, reducing water stress, pollution, restoring lands back to forests or grasslands, and protecting the world’s wildlife. <Image filename="Environmental-impacts-of-agriculture.png" alt="Bar chart of how much of the world's greenhouse gas emissions (26%); habitable land use (50%); freshwater withdrawals (70%); eutrophication (78%) and total mammal biomass (94%) results from food and agriculture."/> Poore, J., & Nemecek, T. (2018). [Reducing food’s environmental impacts through producers and consumers](https://science.sciencemag.org/content/360/6392/987). _Science_, 360(6392), 987-992. FAO. (2011). [The state of the world’s land and water resources for food and agriculture (SOLAW) – Managing systems at risk](http://www.fao.org/3/a-i1688e.pdf). _Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations_, Rome and Earthscan, London. Bar-On, Y. M., Phillips, R., & Milo, R. (2018). [The biomass distribution on Earth](https://www.pnas.org/content/115/25/6506). _Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences_, 115(25), 6506-6511. | What are the environmental impacts of food and agriculture? |