posts_gdocs: 1KdQJg0U5kxcdfaW0kTuIjYFVAdpbMkIdLYsuiqeK2tU
Data license: CC-BY
This data as json
| id | slug | type | content | published | createdAt | publishedAt | updatedAt | publicationContext | revisionId | breadcrumbs | markdown | title |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1KdQJg0U5kxcdfaW0kTuIjYFVAdpbMkIdLYsuiqeK2tU | sdgs/life-below-water | article | {
"toc": [
{
"slug": "target-14-1-reduce-marine-pollution",
"text": "Reduce marine pollution",
"title": "Reduce marine pollution",
"supertitle": "Target 14.1",
"isSubheading": false
},
{
"slug": "sdg-indicator-14-1-1-reduce-marine-pollution",
"text": "Reduce marine pollution",
"title": "Reduce marine pollution",
"supertitle": "SDG Indicator 14.1.1",
"isSubheading": true
},
{
"slug": "target-14-2-protect-and-restore-ecosystems",
"text": "Protect and restore ecosystems",
"title": "Protect and restore ecosystems",
"supertitle": "Target 14.2",
"isSubheading": false
},
{
"slug": "sdg-indicator-14-2-1-protect-and-restore-ecosystems",
"text": "Protect and restore ecosystems",
"title": "Protect and restore ecosystems",
"supertitle": "SDG Indicator 14.2.1",
"isSubheading": true
},
{
"slug": "target-14-3-reduce-ocean-acidification",
"text": "Reduce ocean acidification",
"title": "Reduce ocean acidification",
"supertitle": "Target 14.3",
"isSubheading": false
},
{
"slug": "sdg-indicator-14-3-1-reduce-ocean-acidification",
"text": "Reduce ocean acidification",
"title": "Reduce ocean acidification",
"supertitle": "SDG Indicator 14.3.1",
"isSubheading": true
},
{
"slug": "target-14-4-sustainable-fishing",
"text": "Sustainable fishing",
"title": "Sustainable fishing",
"supertitle": "Target 14.4",
"isSubheading": false
},
{
"slug": "sdg-indicator-14-4-1-fish-stocks-within-sustainable-levels",
"text": "Fish stocks within sustainable levels",
"title": "Fish stocks within sustainable levels",
"supertitle": "SDG Indicator 14.4.1",
"isSubheading": true
},
{
"slug": "target-14-5-conserve-coastal-and-marine-areas",
"text": "Conserve coastal and marine areas",
"title": "Conserve coastal and marine areas",
"supertitle": "Target 14.5",
"isSubheading": false
},
{
"slug": "sdg-indicator-14-5-1-protected-marine-areas",
"text": "Protected marine areas",
"title": "Protected marine areas",
"supertitle": "SDG Indicator 14.5.1",
"isSubheading": true
},
{
"slug": "target-14-6-end-subsidies-contributing-to-overfishing-and-illegal-fishing",
"text": "End subsidies contributing to overfishing and illegal fishing",
"title": "End subsidies contributing to overfishing and illegal fishing",
"supertitle": "Target 14.6",
"isSubheading": false
},
{
"slug": "sdg-indicator-14-6-1-combat-illegal-unreported-and-unregulated-fishing",
"text": "Combat illegal, unreported and unregulated fishing",
"title": "Combat illegal, unreported and unregulated fishing",
"supertitle": "SDG Indicator 14.6.1",
"isSubheading": true
},
{
"slug": "target-14-7-increase-the-economic-benefits-from-sustainable-use-of-marine-resources",
"text": "Increase the economic benefits from sustainable use of marine resources",
"title": "Increase the economic benefits from sustainable use of marine resources",
"supertitle": "Target 14.7",
"isSubheading": false
},
{
"slug": "sdg-indicator-14-7-1-income-from-sustainable-fisheries",
"text": "Income from sustainable fisheries",
"title": "Income from sustainable fisheries",
"supertitle": "SDG Indicator 14.7.1",
"isSubheading": true
},
{
"slug": "target-14-a-increase-scientific-knowledge-research-and-technology-for-ocean-health",
"text": "Increase scientific knowledge, research and technology for ocean health",
"title": "Increase scientific knowledge, research and technology for ocean health",
"supertitle": "Target 14.a",
"isSubheading": false
},
{
"slug": "sdg-indicator-14-a-1-research-resources-for-marine-technology",
"text": "Research resources for marine technology",
"title": "Research resources for marine technology",
"supertitle": "SDG Indicator 14.a.1",
"isSubheading": true
},
{
"slug": "target-14-b-support-small-scale-fishers",
"text": "Support small scale fishers",
"title": "Support small scale fishers",
"supertitle": "Target 14.b",
"isSubheading": false
},
{
"slug": "sdg-indicator-14-b-1-support-small-scale-fishers",
"text": "Support small scale fishers",
"title": "Support small scale fishers",
"supertitle": "SDG Indicator 14.b.1",
"isSubheading": true
},
{
"slug": "target-14-c-implement-and-enforce-international-sea-law",
"text": "Implement and enforce international sea law",
"title": "Implement and enforce international sea law",
"supertitle": "Target 14.c",
"isSubheading": false
},
{
"slug": "sdg-indicator-14-c-1-implementing-international-sea-law",
"text": "Implementing international sea law",
"title": "Implementing international sea law",
"supertitle": "SDG Indicator 14.c.1",
"isSubheading": true
}
],
"body": [
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"type": "text",
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"children": [
{
"text": "Sustainable Development Goal 14 is to \u201cconserve and sustainably use the oceans, seas, and marine resources for sustainable development, ",
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}
],
"spanType": "span-italic"
},
{
"children": [
{
"url": "https://www.un.org/sustainabledevelopment/oceans/",
"children": [
{
"text": "according to the United Nations.",
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}
],
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],
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}
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{
"type": "text",
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"text": "The visualizations and data below present the global perspective on where the world stands today and how it has changed over time.",
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}
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"type": "text",
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{
"text": "The ",
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"url": "https://unstats.un.org/sdgs/indicators/Global%20Indicator%20Framework%20after%202022%20refinement_Eng.pdf",
"children": [
{
"text": "UN has defined",
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}
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{
"text": " 10 ",
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},
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"children": [
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"text": "targets",
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{
"text": " and 10 ",
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"children": [
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"text": "indicators",
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{
"text": " for SDG 14. Targets specify the goals and indicators represent the metrics by which the world aims to track whether these targets are achieved. Below we quote the original text of all targets and show the data on the agreed indicators.",
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"text": [
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"text": "Reduce marine pollution",
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],
"type": "heading",
"level": 2,
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{
"text": "Target 14.1",
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"text": "Reduce marine pollution",
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"type": "heading",
"level": 3,
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{
"text": "SDG Indicator 14.1.1",
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}
],
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"type": "text",
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{
"children": [
{
"text": "Definition of the SDG indicator:",
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}
],
"spanType": "span-bold"
},
{
"text": " Indicator 14.1.1 is the \u201c(a) index of coastal eutrophication; and (b) plastic debris density\u201d in the",
"spanType": "span-simple-text"
},
{
"children": [
{
"text": " ",
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}
],
"spanType": "span-italic"
},
{
"url": "https://unstats.un.org/sdgs/indicators/Global%20Indicator%20Framework%20after%202023%20refinement_Eng.pdf",
"children": [
{
"text": "UN SDG framework",
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],
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{
"text": ".",
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}
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"type": "text",
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"children": [
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"text": "Target:",
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],
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},
{
"text": " \u201cPrevent and significantly reduce marine pollution of all kinds, in particular from land-based activities, including marine debris and nutrient pollution\u201d by 2025.",
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}
],
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"type": "text",
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"text": "Unlike most SDGs, which are set for the year 2030, this indicator is targeted for 2025.",
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"children": [
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"text": "More research:",
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},
{
"text": " Further data and research on marine pollution can be found on the ",
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},
{
"children": [
{
"text": "Our World in Data",
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],
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},
{
"text": " topic page on ",
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},
{
"url": "https://ourworldindata.org/plastic-pollution",
"children": [
{
"text": "plastic pollution",
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}
],
"spanType": "span-link"
},
{
"text": ".",
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}
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],
"type": "sticky-right",
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"chart": {
"url": "https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/chlorophyll-a-deviation-from-the-global-average",
"type": "chart",
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},
"narrative": {
"type": "text",
"value": [
{
"text": "Chlorophyll-a prevalence",
"spanType": "span-simple-text"
}
],
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},
"technical": []
},
{
"chart": {
"url": "https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/beach-litter",
"type": "chart",
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"narrative": {
"type": "text",
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{
"text": "Beach litter",
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],
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{
"text": [
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"text": "Protect and restore ecosystems",
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],
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"level": 2,
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{
"text": "Target 14.2",
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"text": "Protect and restore ecosystems",
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"text": "SDG Indicator 14.2.1",
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"children": [
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"text": "Definition of the SDG indicator:",
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{
"text": " Indicator 14.2.1 is the \u201cnumber of countries using ecosystem-based approaches to managing marine areas\u201d in the",
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{
"children": [
{
"text": " ",
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],
"spanType": "span-italic"
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{
"url": "https://unstats.un.org/sdgs/indicators/Global%20Indicator%20Framework%20after%202023%20refinement_Eng.pdf",
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"text": "UN SDG framework",
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"text": ".",
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"text": "Countries who have implemented ecosystem-based approaches to managing marine areas are shown in the interactive visualization.",
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"children": [
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"text": "Target:",
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],
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{
"text": " \u201cSustainably manage and protect marine and coastal ecosystems to avoid significant adverse impacts, including by strengthening their resilience, and take action for their restoration in order to achieve healthy and productive oceans\u201d by 2020.",
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}
],
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"type": "text",
"value": [
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"text": "Unlike most SDGs, which are set for the year 2030, this indicator was targeted for 2020.",
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"url": "https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/countries-using-ecosystem-based-approaches-to-manage-marine-areas",
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"text": [
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"text": "Reduce ocean acidification",
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"text": "Target 14.3",
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"text": "Reduce ocean acidification",
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"text": "SDG Indicator 14.3.1",
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"text": "Definition of the SDG indicator:",
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"text": " Indicator 14.3.1 is the \u201caverage marine acidity (pH) measured at agreed suite of representative sampling stations\u201d in the",
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"text": " ",
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"url": "https://unstats.un.org/sdgs/indicators/Global%20Indicator%20Framework%20after%202023%20refinement_Eng.pdf",
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"text": "UN SDG framework",
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"text": "The interactive visualization reports trends in the mean seawater pH, measured at the Aloha station in Hawaii. A pH of less than 7 means that a substance is acidic, lower values indicate greater acidity.",
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"text": "Ocean acidification is a consequence of increasing carbon dioxide emissions. Ocean water and carbon dioxide combine to form carbonic acid, as there is more carbon dioxide produced through emissions more gets absorbed by the ocean.",
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"text": " \u201cMinimize and address the impacts of ocean acidification, including through enhanced scientific cooperation at all levels\u201d by 2030.",
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"text": "More research: ",
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"text": "More research and data on the impacts of climate change can be found in the ",
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"children": [
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"text": "Our World in Data ",
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"url": "https://ourworldindata.org/explorers/climate-change",
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"text": "climate change impacts",
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"text": " ",
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"url": "https://ourworldindata.org/explorers/climate-change",
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"text": "data explorer",
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"text": ". ",
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"text": "Sustainable fishing",
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"text": "Definition of the SDG indicator:",
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"text": " Indicator 14.4.1 is the \u201cproportion of fish stocks within biologically sustainable levels\u201d in the",
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"text": "Fish stocks are classified as \"within biologically sustainable levels\" if their abundance is estimated to be equal to or greater than the level that can produce the ",
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"text": "Maximum Sustainable Yield (MSY)",
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"text": ". The MSY is the largest long-term average catch that can be taken from a fish stock under prevailing environmental and fishery conditions.",
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"text": "Fish stocks become overexploited when fish are caught at a rate higher than the population can support and the ability of the stock to produce its MSY is jeopardized.",
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"text": " \u201cBy 2020, effectively regulate harvesting and end overfishing, illegal, unreported and unregulated fishing and destructive fishing practices and implement science-based management plans, in order to restore fish stocks in the shortest time feasible, at least to levels that can produce maximum sustainable yield as determined by their biological characteristics.\u201d",
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"text": " Further data and research on fisheries can be found at the ",
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"text": " topic page on ",
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"text": "Full text: \u201cIncrease scientific knowledge, develop research capacity and transfer marine technology, taking into account the Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission Criteria and Guidelines on the Transfer of Marine Technology, in order to improve ocean health and to enhance the contribution of marine biodiversity to the development of developing countries, in particular small island developing States and least developed countries.\u201d",
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"type": "article",
"title": "Conserve and sustainably use the oceans, seas and marine resources",
"authors": [
"Our World in Data team"
],
"excerpt": "Sustainable Development Goals Tracker for SDG 14",
"supertitle": "Sustainable Development Goal 14",
"cover-color": "sdg-color-14",
"featured-image": "Thumbnail-SDG-14.png"
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1 | 2022-10-13 06:52:28 | 2023-07-18 14:14:52 | 2023-12-28 16:31:08 | unlisted | AGEZuMGe_O0oM4DqbIqYpKgqHm3SwuwOfbd2OYUGUP-CsRkdsNmTvMfOL4nClbm1EzmuaqzHPeugUyMJPRmV5A | [
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"label": "SDG Tracker"
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"label": "Goal 14: Life below water"
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_Sustainable Development Goal 14 is to “conserve and sustainably use the oceans, seas, and marine resources for sustainable development, __[according to the United Nations.](https://www.un.org/sustainabledevelopment/oceans/)_ The visualizations and data below present the global perspective on where the world stands today and how it has changed over time. The [UN has defined](https://unstats.un.org/sdgs/indicators/Global%20Indicator%20Framework%20after%202022%20refinement_Eng.pdf) 10 _targets_ and 10 _indicators_ for SDG 14. Targets specify the goals and indicators represent the metrics by which the world aims to track whether these targets are achieved. Below we quote the original text of all targets and show the data on the agreed indicators. ## Target 14.1 Reduce marine pollution ### SDG Indicator 14.1.1 Reduce marine pollution **Definition of the SDG indicator:** Indicator 14.1.1 is the “(a) index of coastal eutrophication; and (b) plastic debris density” in the_ _[UN SDG framework](https://unstats.un.org/sdgs/indicators/Global%20Indicator%20Framework%20after%202023%20refinement_Eng.pdf). **Target:** “Prevent and significantly reduce marine pollution of all kinds, in particular from land-based activities, including marine debris and nutrient pollution” by 2025. Unlike most SDGs, which are set for the year 2030, this indicator is targeted for 2025. **More research:** Further data and research on marine pollution can be found on the _Our World in Data_ topic page on [plastic pollution](https://ourworldindata.org/plastic-pollution). undefined ## Target 14.2 Protect and restore ecosystems ### SDG Indicator 14.2.1 Protect and restore ecosystems **Definition of the SDG indicator:** Indicator 14.2.1 is the “number of countries using ecosystem-based approaches to managing marine areas” in the_ _[UN SDG framework](https://unstats.un.org/sdgs/indicators/Global%20Indicator%20Framework%20after%202023%20refinement_Eng.pdf). Countries who have implemented ecosystem-based approaches to managing marine areas are shown in the interactive visualization. **Target:** “Sustainably manage and protect marine and coastal ecosystems to avoid significant adverse impacts, including by strengthening their resilience, and take action for their restoration in order to achieve healthy and productive oceans” by 2020. Unlike most SDGs, which are set for the year 2030, this indicator was targeted for 2020. <Chart url="https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/countries-using-ecosystem-based-approaches-to-manage-marine-areas"/> ## Target 14.3 Reduce ocean acidification ### SDG Indicator 14.3.1 Reduce ocean acidification **Definition of the SDG indicator:** Indicator 14.3.1 is the “average marine acidity (pH) measured at agreed suite of representative sampling stations” in the_ _[UN SDG framework](https://unstats.un.org/sdgs/indicators/Global%20Indicator%20Framework%20after%202023%20refinement_Eng.pdf). The interactive visualization reports trends in the mean seawater pH, measured at the Aloha station in Hawaii. A pH of less than 7 means that a substance is acidic, lower values indicate greater acidity. Ocean acidification is a consequence of increasing carbon dioxide emissions. Ocean water and carbon dioxide combine to form carbonic acid, as there is more carbon dioxide produced through emissions more gets absorbed by the ocean. **Target:** “Minimize and address the impacts of ocean acidification, including through enhanced scientific cooperation at all levels” by 2030. **More research: **More research and data on the impacts of climate change can be found in the _Our World in Data _[climate change impacts](https://ourworldindata.org/explorers/climate-change)_ _[data explorer](https://ourworldindata.org/explorers/climate-change). ** ** <Chart url="https://ourworldindata.org/explorers/climate-change?facet=none&country=Hawaii&Metric=Ocean+pH&Long-run+series=false&hideControls=true"/> ## Target 14.4 Sustainable fishing ### SDG Indicator 14.4.1 Fish stocks within sustainable levels **Definition of the SDG indicator:** Indicator 14.4.1 is the “proportion of fish stocks within biologically sustainable levels” in the_ _[UN SDG framework](https://unstats.un.org/sdgs/indicators/Global%20Indicator%20Framework%20after%202023%20refinement_Eng.pdf). Fish stocks are classified as "within biologically sustainable levels" if their abundance is estimated to be equal to or greater than the level that can produce the Maximum Sustainable Yield (MSY). The MSY is the largest long-term average catch that can be taken from a fish stock under prevailing environmental and fishery conditions. Fish stocks become overexploited when fish are caught at a rate higher than the population can support and the ability of the stock to produce its MSY is jeopardized. **Target:** “By 2020, effectively regulate harvesting and end overfishing, illegal, unreported and unregulated fishing and destructive fishing practices and implement science-based management plans, in order to restore fish stocks in the shortest time feasible, at least to levels that can produce maximum sustainable yield as determined by their biological characteristics.” Unlike most SDG targets, which have a target year of 2030, this indicator is set to be achieved by 2020. **More research:** Further data and research on fisheries can be found at the _Our World in Data_ topic page on [fish and overfishing](https://ourworldindata.org/fish-and-overfishing). undefined ## Target 14.5 Conserve coastal and marine areas ### SDG Indicator 14.5.1 Protected marine areas **Definition of the SDG indicator:** Indicator 14.5.1 is the “coverage of protected areas in relation to marine areas” in the_ _[UN SDG framework](https://unstats.un.org/sdgs/indicators/Global%20Indicator%20Framework%20after%202023%20refinement_Eng.pdf). **Target:** By 2020 “conserve at least 10 per cent of coastal and marine areas, consistent with national and international law and based on the best available scientific information.” Unlike most SDG targets, which have a target year of 2030, this indicator was set to be achieved by 2020. <AdditionalCharts> * [Threatened fish species](https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/fish-species-threatened) * [Share of ocean that is protected](https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/global-marine-protected-area?stackMode=relative) </AdditionalCharts> undefined ## Target 14.6 End subsidies contributing to overfishing and illegal fishing ### SDG Indicator 14.6.1 Combat illegal, unreported and unregulated fishing **Definition of the SDG indicator:** Indicator 14.6.1 is “the degree of implementation of international instruments aiming to combat illegal, unreported and unregulated fishing” in the_ _[UN SDG framework](https://unstats.un.org/sdgs/indicators/Global%20Indicator%20Framework%20after%202023%20refinement_Eng.pdf). Data for this indicator is shown in the interactive visualization. **Target:** “Prohibit certain forms of fisheries subsidies which contribute to overcapacity and overfishing, eliminate subsidies that contribute to illegal, unreported and unregulated fishing and refrain from introducing new such subsidies” by 2020. 1 Unlike most SDGs, which are set for the year 2030, this indicator was targeted for 2020. <Chart url="https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/regulation-illegal-fishing"/> ## Target 14.7 Increase the economic benefits from sustainable use of marine resources ### SDG Indicator 14.7.1 Income from sustainable fisheries **Definition of the SDG indicator:** Indicator 14.7.1 is “Sustainable fisheries as a proportion of GDP in small island developing States, least developed countries and all countries” in the_ _[UN SDG framework](https://unstats.un.org/sdgs/indicators/Global%20Indicator%20Framework%20after%202023%20refinement_Eng.pdf). The value added of marine capture fisheries indicates the prominence of marine fish related activities in the country’s economy and its importance for livelihoods. Stocks that are fished at sustainable levels are able to support the communities and industries which rely on them, without compromising reproduction and long-term sustainability. By contrast, a stock that is exploited to a point where it cannot replenish itself will ultimately provide sub-optimal long-term economic returns for stakeholders. Data for this indicator is shown in the interactive visualization. **Target:** By 2030 “increase the economic benefits to small island developing States and least developed countries from the sustainable use of marine resources, including through sustainable management of fisheries, aquaculture and tourism.” **More research:** Further data and research on fisheries can be found at the _Our World in Data_ topic page on [fish and overfishing](https://ourworldindata.org/fish-and-overfishing). <Chart url="https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/sustainable-fisheries-as-a-proportion-of-gdp"/> ## Target 14.a Increase scientific knowledge, research and technology for ocean health ### SDG Indicator 14.a.1 Research resources for marine technology **Definition of the SDG indicator:** Indicator 14.a.1 is the “proportion of total research budget allocated to research in the field of marine technology” in the_ _[UN SDG framework](https://unstats.un.org/sdgs/indicators/Global%20Indicator%20Framework%20after%202023%20refinement_Eng.pdf). Data for this indicator is shown in the interactive visualization. **Target:** “Increase scientific knowledge, develop research capacity and transfer marine technology, in order to improve ocean health and to enhance the contribution of marine biodiversity to the development of developing countries, in particular small island developing States and least developed countries by 2030.”2 **More research:** Further data and research on fisheries can be found at the _Our World in Data_ topic page on [research and development](https://ourworldindata.org/research-and-development). <Chart url="https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/ocean-research-funding"/> ## Target 14.b Support small scale fishers ### SDG Indicator 14.b.1 Support small scale fishers **Definition of the SDG indicator:** Indicator 14.b.1 is the “degree of application of a legal/regulatory/policy/institutional framework which recognizes and protects access rights for small-scale fisheries” in the_ _[UN SDG framework](https://unstats.un.org/sdgs/indicators/Global%20Indicator%20Framework%20after%202023%20refinement_Eng.pdf). Data for this indicator is shown in the interactive visualization. **Target:** “Provide access for small-scale artisanal fishers to marine resources and markets” by 2030. **More research:** Further data and research on fisheries can be found at the _Our World in Data_ topic page on [fish and overfishing](https://ourworldindata.org/fish-and-overfishing). <AdditionalCharts> * [Global wild fishery catch by sector](https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/global-wild-fishery-catch-by-sector) </AdditionalCharts> <Chart url="https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/protection-of-the-rights-of-small-scale-fisheries"/> ## Target 14.c Implement and enforce international sea law ### SDG Indicator 14.c.1 Implementing international sea law **Definition of the SDG indicator:** Indicator 14.c.1 is the “number of countries making progress in ratifying, accepting and implementing through legal, policy and institutional frameworks, ocean-related instruments that implement international law, as reflected in the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea” in the_ _[UN SDG framework](https://unstats.un.org/sdgs/indicators/Global%20Indicator%20Framework%20after%202023%20refinement_Eng.pdf). This indicator is measured as the progress countries have made towards the ratification and accession, as well as implementation of the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS). Note that the visualization only shows data for countries that replied to the questionnaire on the ratification, accession and implementation of UNCLOS. **Target:** “Enhance the conservation and sustainable use of oceans and their resources by implementing international law as reflected in the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea” by 2030.3 undefined Full text: “Enhance the conservation and sustainable use of oceans and their resources by implementing international law as reflected in the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea, which provides the legal framework for the conservation and sustainable use of oceans and their resources, as recalled in paragraph 158 of “The future we want” Full text: “By 2020, prohibit certain forms of fisheries subsidies which contribute to overcapacity and overfishing, eliminate subsidies that contribute to illegal, unreported and unregulated fishing and refrain from introducing new such subsidies, recognizing that appropriate and effective special and differential treatment for developing and least developed countries should be an integral part of the World Trade Organization fisheries subsidies negotiation.” Full text: “Increase scientific knowledge, develop research capacity and transfer marine technology, taking into account the Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission Criteria and Guidelines on the Transfer of Marine Technology, in order to improve ocean health and to enhance the contribution of marine biodiversity to the development of developing countries, in particular small island developing States and least developed countries.” | Conserve and sustainably use the oceans, seas and marine resources |