posts: 49151

{
    "id": "wp-49151",
    "slug": "agri-employment-sources",
    "content": {
        "toc": [],
        "body": [
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                "left": [
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                        "type": "text",
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                            {
                                "text": "Agricultural employment is an important metric used in development. As countries develop and incomes rise, the share of the labor force working in agriculture tends to decline as farming systems become more productive, and people move to other sectors such as industry and services.",
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                        "value": [
                            {
                                "text": "At ",
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                            },
                            {
                                "children": [
                                    {
                                        "text": "Our World in Data ",
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                                    }
                                ],
                                "spanType": "span-italic"
                            },
                            {
                                "text": "we have constructed a long-term series of agricultural employment, combining recent data for every country in the world with historical series for select countries where this data is available.",
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                            }
                        ],
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                    {
                        "type": "text",
                        "value": [
                            {
                                "text": "Here I detail the sources we use to construct this dataset.",
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                            }
                        ],
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                        "value": [
                            {
                                "text": "The script that produces this long-run dataset can be accessed\u00a0",
                                "spanType": "span-simple-text"
                            },
                            {
                                "url": "https://github.com/owid/notebooks/tree/main/HannahRitchie/employment-agriculture",
                                "children": [
                                    {
                                        "text": "in our GitHub repository",
                                        "spanType": "span-simple-text"
                                    }
                                ],
                                "spanType": "span-link"
                            },
                            {
                                "text": ".",
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                        "value": [
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                                "text": "We provide a full citation for each of the sources below. If you cite data for a specific period, please cite the original source. For example, for the period 1991 onwards, please cite the International Labor Organization. You can add \u201cvia Our World in Data\u201d if you downloaded the data from us.",
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                "right": [
                    {
                        "url": "https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/share-of-the-labor-force-employed-in-agriculture",
                        "type": "chart",
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                    {
                        "url": "https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/number-of-people-employed-in-agriculture",
                        "type": "prominent-link",
                        "title": "",
                        "description": "",
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            {
                "text": [
                    {
                        "text": "Employment in agriculture: Our data sources",
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                    }
                ],
                "type": "heading",
                "level": 2,
                "parseErrors": []
            },
            {
                "text": [
                    {
                        "text": "Pre-1800: Broadberry and Gardner (2013)",
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                ],
                "type": "heading",
                "level": 4,
                "parseErrors": []
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            {
                "type": "text",
                "value": [
                    {
                        "text": "The share of the labor force employed in agriculture prior to 1800 is available for a select number of countries.",
                        "spanType": "span-simple-text"
                    }
                ],
                "parseErrors": []
            },
            {
                "type": "text",
                "value": [
                    {
                        "text": "This data is sourced from the work of Stephen Broadberry and Leigh Gardner (2013), who compile these estimates for different countries from multiple countries. This series contains long-run data for England; in our dataset we have adopted these figures for the United Kingdom as a whole.",
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                        "children": [
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                                "text": "Full citation:",
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                            }
                        ],
                        "spanType": "span-bold"
                    },
                    {
                        "text": " Stephen Broadberry and Leigh Gardner (2013). Africa\u2019s Growth Prospects in a European Mirror: A Historical Perspective. Online\u00a0",
                        "spanType": "span-simple-text"
                    },
                    {
                        "url": "http://web.archive.org/web/20131225135235/http://www2.warwick.ac.uk/fac/soc/economics/research/centres/cage/research/wpfeed/172-2013_broadberry.pdf",
                        "children": [
                            {
                                "text": "here",
                                "spanType": "span-simple-text"
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                        "spanType": "span-link"
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                    {
                        "text": ".",
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                "value": [
                    {
                        "text": "The underlying sources of this data by country are as follows:",
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                    }
                ],
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                        "value": [
                            {
                                "text": "Broadberry, S. N., Campbell, B. M. S., & van Leeuwen, B. (2013), \u201cWhen Did Britain Industrialise? The Sectoral Distribution of the Labour Force and Labour Productivity in Britain, 1381-1851,\u201d Explorations in Economic History, 50(1), 16\u201327. Online\u00a0",
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                            },
                            {
                                "url": "https://pureadmin.qub.ac.uk/ws/portalfiles/portal/1640964/EEH_Sectoral_shares_paper.pdf",
                                "children": [
                                    {
                                        "text": "here",
                                        "spanType": "span-simple-text"
                                    }
                                ],
                                "spanType": "span-link"
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                            {
                                "text": ".",
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                        "type": "text",
                        "value": [
                            {
                                "text": "Allen, R.C. (2000), \u201cEconomic Structure and Agricultural Productivity in Europe, 1300-1800,\u201d European Review of Economic History, 4, 1-26. Online\u00a0",
                                "spanType": "span-simple-text"
                            },
                            {
                                "url": "http://journals.cambridge.org/action/displayAbstract?fromPage=online&aid=469519",
                                "children": [
                                    {
                                        "text": "here",
                                        "spanType": "span-simple-text"
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                            {
                                "text": ".",
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                        ],
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            {
                "text": [
                    {
                        "text": "1801 to 1985: Herrendorf et al. (2014)",
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                ],
                "type": "heading",
                "level": 4,
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            {
                "type": "text",
                "value": [
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                        "text": "Data on the ",
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                    },
                    {
                        "children": [
                            {
                                "text": "number",
                                "spanType": "span-simple-text"
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                        ],
                        "spanType": "span-italic"
                    },
                    {
                        "text": " of people employed in agriculture is available for some countries, extending back to 1801. ",
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                "value": [
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                        "text": "This data is sourced from the work of Berthold Herrendorf, Richard Rogerson and \u00c1kos Valentinyi (2014).",
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                        "text": "To preserve a consistent series between Herrendorf et al. (2014) data and the ILO series from 1991 onwards (detailed below), data points from 1986 to 1990 have not been included.",
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                ],
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                        "children": [
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                                "text": "Full citation: ",
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                            }
                        ],
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                    {
                        "text": "Berthold Herrendorf, Richard Rogerson and Akos Valentinyi (2014) \u2013 \u201cGrowth and Structural Transformation\u201d Handbook of Economic Growth Vol. 2B.",
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                        "text": "The authors compile this data from multiple sources, listed below:",
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                "type": "gray-section",
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                        "text": [
                            {
                                "text": "Additional information",
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                        ],
                        "type": "heading",
                        "level": 2,
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                    {
                        "type": "expandable-paragraph",
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                                    {
                                        "children": [
                                            {
                                                "text": "Belgium",
                                                "spanType": "span-simple-text"
                                            }
                                        ],
                                        "spanType": "span-italic"
                                    },
                                    {
                                        "text": ". 1846\u20131961:\u00a0",
                                        "spanType": "span-simple-text"
                                    },
                                    {
                                        "url": "https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/B9780444535405000069#b0430",
                                        "children": [
                                            {
                                                "text": "Mitchell (2007)",
                                                "spanType": "span-simple-text"
                                            }
                                        ],
                                        "spanType": "span-link"
                                    },
                                    {
                                        "text": "\u00a0Table B1, 1970\u20132007: EU KLEMS 2009.",
                                        "spanType": "span-simple-text"
                                    }
                                ],
                                "parseErrors": []
                            },
                            {
                                "type": "text",
                                "value": [
                                    {
                                        "children": [
                                            {
                                                "text": "Spain",
                                                "spanType": "span-simple-text"
                                            }
                                        ],
                                        "spanType": "span-italic"
                                    },
                                    {
                                        "text": ". 1860\u20131964:\u00a0",
                                        "spanType": "span-simple-text"
                                    },
                                    {
                                        "url": "https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/B9780444535405000069#b0430",
                                        "children": [
                                            {
                                                "text": "Mitchell (2007)",
                                                "spanType": "span-simple-text"
                                            }
                                        ],
                                        "spanType": "span-link"
                                    },
                                    {
                                        "text": "\u00a0Table B1, 1970\u20132007: EU KLEMS 2009.",
                                        "spanType": "span-simple-text"
                                    }
                                ],
                                "parseErrors": []
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                                "type": "text",
                                "value": [
                                    {
                                        "children": [
                                            {
                                                "text": "Finland",
                                                "spanType": "span-simple-text"
                                            }
                                        ],
                                        "spanType": "span-italic"
                                    },
                                    {
                                        "text": ". 1805\u20131960:\u00a0",
                                        "spanType": "span-simple-text"
                                    },
                                    {
                                        "url": "https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/B9780444535405000069#b0430",
                                        "children": [
                                            {
                                                "text": "Mitchell (2007)",
                                                "spanType": "span-simple-text"
                                            }
                                        ],
                                        "spanType": "span-link"
                                    },
                                    {
                                        "text": "\u00a0Table B1, 1970\u20132007: EU KLEMS 2009.",
                                        "spanType": "span-simple-text"
                                    }
                                ],
                                "parseErrors": []
                            },
                            {
                                "type": "text",
                                "value": [
                                    {
                                        "children": [
                                            {
                                                "text": "France",
                                                "spanType": "span-simple-text"
                                            }
                                        ],
                                        "spanType": "span-italic"
                                    },
                                    {
                                        "text": ". 1856\u20131968:\u00a0",
                                        "spanType": "span-simple-text"
                                    },
                                    {
                                        "url": "https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/B9780444535405000069#b0430",
                                        "children": [
                                            {
                                                "text": "Mitchell (2007)",
                                                "spanType": "span-simple-text"
                                            }
                                        ],
                                        "spanType": "span-link"
                                    },
                                    {
                                        "text": "\u00a0Table B1, 1970\u20132007: EU KLEMS 2009.",
                                        "spanType": "span-simple-text"
                                    }
                                ],
                                "parseErrors": []
                            },
                            {
                                "type": "text",
                                "value": [
                                    {
                                        "children": [
                                            {
                                                "text": "South",
                                                "spanType": "span-simple-text"
                                            }
                                        ],
                                        "spanType": "span-italic"
                                    },
                                    {
                                        "children": [
                                            {
                                                "text": "Korea",
                                                "spanType": "span-simple-text"
                                            }
                                        ],
                                        "spanType": "span-italic"
                                    },
                                    {
                                        "text": ". 1953\u20132005: Groningen Growth and Development Centre 10-sector Database 2007.",
                                        "spanType": "span-simple-text"
                                    }
                                ],
                                "parseErrors": []
                            },
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                                "type": "text",
                                "value": [
                                    {
                                        "children": [
                                            {
                                                "text": "Netherlands",
                                                "spanType": "span-simple-text"
                                            }
                                        ],
                                        "spanType": "span-italic"
                                    },
                                    {
                                        "text": ". 1807\u20131913:\u00a0",
                                        "spanType": "span-simple-text"
                                    },
                                    {
                                        "url": "https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/B9780444535405000069#b0540",
                                        "children": [
                                            {
                                                "text": "Smits et al. (2007)",
                                                "spanType": "span-simple-text"
                                            }
                                        ],
                                        "spanType": "span-link"
                                    },
                                    {
                                        "text": ", 1920\u20131947:\u00a0",
                                        "spanType": "span-simple-text"
                                    },
                                    {
                                        "url": "https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/B9780444535405000069#b0430",
                                        "children": [
                                            {
                                                "text": "Mitchell (2007)",
                                                "spanType": "span-simple-text"
                                            }
                                        ],
                                        "spanType": "span-link"
                                    },
                                    {
                                        "text": "\u00a0Table B1, 1970\u20132005: Groningen Growth and Development Centre 10-sector Database 2008.",
                                        "spanType": "span-simple-text"
                                    }
                                ],
                                "parseErrors": []
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                            {
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                                "value": [
                                    {
                                        "children": [
                                            {
                                                "text": "Sweden",
                                                "spanType": "span-simple-text"
                                            }
                                        ],
                                        "spanType": "span-italic"
                                    },
                                    {
                                        "text": ". 1850\u20132000:\u00a0",
                                        "spanType": "span-simple-text"
                                    },
                                    {
                                        "url": "https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/B9780444535405000069#b0350",
                                        "children": [
                                            {
                                                "text": "Krantz and Schn (2007)",
                                                "spanType": "span-simple-text"
                                            }
                                        ],
                                        "spanType": "span-link"
                                    },
                                    {
                                        "text": ", 2000\u20132005: Groningen Growth and Development Centre 10-sector Database 2008.",
                                        "spanType": "span-simple-text"
                                    }
                                ],
                                "parseErrors": []
                            },
                            {
                                "type": "text",
                                "value": [
                                    {
                                        "children": [
                                            {
                                                "text": "United Kingdom",
                                                "spanType": "span-simple-text"
                                            }
                                        ],
                                        "spanType": "span-italic"
                                    },
                                    {
                                        "text": ". 1801, 1813\u20131820 average assigned to 1817, 1851:\u00a0",
                                        "spanType": "span-simple-text"
                                    },
                                    {
                                        "url": "https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/B9780444535405000069#b0080",
                                        "children": [
                                            {
                                                "text": "Broadberry et al. (2011)",
                                                "spanType": "span-simple-text"
                                            }
                                        ],
                                        "spanType": "span-link"
                                    },
                                    {
                                        "text": "\u00a0Table 1 and Table 12, 1841:\u00a0",
                                        "spanType": "span-simple-text"
                                    },
                                    {
                                        "url": "https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/B9780444535405000069#b0430",
                                        "children": [
                                            {
                                                "text": "Mitchell (2007)",
                                                "spanType": "span-simple-text"
                                            }
                                        ],
                                        "spanType": "span-link"
                                    },
                                    {
                                        "text": "\u00a0Table B1, 1861\u20131938:\u00a0",
                                        "spanType": "span-simple-text"
                                    },
                                    {
                                        "url": "https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/B9780444535405000069#b0185",
                                        "children": [
                                            {
                                                "text": "Feinstein (1972)",
                                                "spanType": "span-simple-text"
                                            }
                                        ],
                                        "spanType": "span-link"
                                    },
                                    {
                                        "text": "\u00a0Table 59\u201360, 1948\u20132005: Groningen Growth and Development Centre 10-sector Database 2007.",
                                        "spanType": "span-simple-text"
                                    }
                                ],
                                "parseErrors": []
                            },
                            {
                                "type": "text",
                                "value": [
                                    {
                                        "children": [
                                            {
                                                "text": "United States",
                                                "spanType": "span-simple-text"
                                            }
                                        ],
                                        "spanType": "span-italic"
                                    },
                                    {
                                        "text": ". 1840\u20131920:\u00a0",
                                        "spanType": "span-simple-text"
                                    },
                                    {
                                        "url": "https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/B9780444535405000069#b0100",
                                        "children": [
                                            {
                                                "text": "Carter et al., eds (2006)",
                                                "spanType": "span-simple-text"
                                            }
                                        ],
                                        "spanType": "span-link"
                                    },
                                    {
                                        "text": "\u00a0Table Ba814\u2013830, 1929\u20132008: NIPA Table 6.8 Persons Engaged in Production, Bureau of Economic Analysis.",
                                        "spanType": "span-simple-text"
                                    }
                                ],
                                "parseErrors": []
                            }
                        ],
                        "parseErrors": []
                    }
                ],
                "parseErrors": []
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            {
                "text": [
                    {
                        "text": "1991 onwards: International Labor Organization",
                        "spanType": "span-simple-text"
                    }
                ],
                "type": "heading",
                "level": 4,
                "parseErrors": []
            },
            {
                "type": "text",
                "value": [
                    {
                        "text": "The data for all countries from the year 1991 onwards is sourced from the International Labor Organization (ILO). ",
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                    }
                ],
                "parseErrors": []
            },
            {
                "type": "text",
                "value": [
                    {
                        "text": "This data is made available through the World Bank's ",
                        "spanType": "span-simple-text"
                    },
                    {
                        "url": "http://data.worldbank.org/data-catalog/world-development-indicators",
                        "children": [
                            {
                                "text": "World Development Indicators",
                                "spanType": "span-simple-text"
                            }
                        ],
                        "spanType": "span-link"
                    },
                    {
                        "text": ".",
                        "spanType": "span-simple-text"
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                ],
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            {
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                "value": [
                    {
                        "text": "The ILO publishes statistics on the share of the labor force that is employed in agriculture ",
                        "spanType": "span-simple-text"
                    },
                    {
                        "children": [
                            {
                                "text": "[it also provides the share working in industry, and services as separate metrics]",
                                "spanType": "span-simple-text"
                            }
                        ],
                        "spanType": "span-italic"
                    },
                    {
                        "text": ". You can find its database ",
                        "spanType": "span-simple-text"
                    },
                    {
                        "children": [
                            {
                                "url": "https://ilostat.ilo.org/topics/population-and-labour-force/",
                                "children": [
                                    {
                                        "text": "here",
                                        "spanType": "span-simple-text"
                                    }
                                ],
                                "spanType": "span-link"
                            }
                        ],
                        "spanType": "span-bold"
                    },
                    {
                        "text": ".",
                        "spanType": "span-simple-text"
                    }
                ],
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            {
                "type": "text",
                "value": [
                    {
                        "children": [
                            {
                                "text": "Full citation: ",
                                "spanType": "span-simple-text"
                            }
                        ],
                        "spanType": "span-bold"
                    },
                    {
                        "text": "International Labor Organization (ILO)",
                        "spanType": "span-simple-text"
                    }
                ],
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            {
                "text": [
                    {
                        "text": "Derived metric: ",
                        "spanType": "span-simple-text"
                    },
                    {
                        "children": [
                            {
                                "text": "Number",
                                "spanType": "span-simple-text"
                            }
                        ],
                        "spanType": "span-italic"
                    },
                    {
                        "text": " of people working in agriculture",
                        "spanType": "span-simple-text"
                    }
                ],
                "type": "heading",
                "level": 3,
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            {
                "type": "text",
                "value": [
                    {
                        "text": "The ILO publishes data on the ",
                        "spanType": "span-simple-text"
                    },
                    {
                        "children": [
                            {
                                "text": "share",
                                "spanType": "span-simple-text"
                            }
                        ],
                        "spanType": "span-italic"
                    },
                    {
                        "text": " of the labor force working in agriculture.",
                        "spanType": "span-simple-text"
                    }
                ],
                "parseErrors": []
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            {
                "type": "text",
                "value": [
                    {
                        "text": "Our World in Data has also calculated the ",
                        "spanType": "span-simple-text"
                    },
                    {
                        "children": [
                            {
                                "text": "number",
                                "spanType": "span-simple-text"
                            }
                        ],
                        "spanType": "span-italic"
                    },
                    {
                        "text": " of people working in agriculture. You find this chart ",
                        "spanType": "span-simple-text"
                    },
                    {
                        "children": [
                            {
                                "url": "https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/number-of-people-employed-in-agriculture",
                                "children": [
                                    {
                                        "text": "here",
                                        "spanType": "span-simple-text"
                                    }
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                        "text": ".",
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                        "text": "We had done so based on two metrics published by the ILO via the World Bank:",
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                                "text": "Total number of people in the labor force",
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                                "text": "Share of the labor force working in agriculture",
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                        "text": "We then calculate the ",
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                                "text": "number",
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                        "text": " working in agriculture as:",
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                                "text": "Number working in agriculture = Total number of people in the labor force * Share of labor force working in agriculture",
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                ],
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                "text": [
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                        "text": "How is agricultural employment defined?",
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                ],
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                        "text": "Employment of any type is quantified as the number of working-age people engaged in any activity to produce goods or provide services for pay or profit. This includes those actively working; on temporary job absences, or in another working-time arrangement. Labor from people not of working age \u2013 such as child labor \u2013 is not included.",
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                        "text": "In agriculture, this includes employees of agricultural activities and subsistence farmers who produce goods for themselves rather than for the market.",
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                "value": [
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                        "text": "Agriculture in this case includes activities in agriculture (such as crop farming or livestock raising), hunting, forestry, and fishing.",
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                ],
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            {
                "text": [
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                        "text": "Keep reading at ",
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                    {
                        "children": [
                            {
                                "text": "Our World in Data",
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                "url": "https://ourworldindata.org/employment-in-agriculture",
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                "url": "https://ourworldindata.org/food-supply",
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        ],
        "type": "article",
        "title": "Employment in agriculture: Data sources and definitions",
        "authors": [
            "Hannah Ritchie"
        ],
        "excerpt": "How to we produce long-term datasets on agricultural employment?",
        "dateline": "February 16, 2022",
        "subtitle": "How to we produce long-term datasets on agricultural employment?",
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    "createdAt": "2022-02-16T16:26:17.000Z",
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    "updatedAt": "2023-05-18T11:04:05.000Z",
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