posts: 45128

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45128 Short-haul vs. long-haul; rich vs. poor countries: where do global CO2 emissions from aviation come from? untitled-reusable-block-290 wp_block publish <!-- wp:paragraph --> <p>Global aviation – both passenger flights and freight – emits around one billion tonnes of carbon dioxide (CO<sub>2</sub>) each year. This was equivalent to around 2.4% of CO<sub>2</sub> emissions in 2018.</p> <!-- /wp:paragraph --> <!-- wp:paragraph --> <p>How do global aviation emissions break down?</p> <!-- /wp:paragraph --> <!-- wp:paragraph --> <p>The chart gives the answer. This data is sourced from the 2019 <em>International Council on Clean Transportation</em> <em>(ICCT)</em> report on global aviation.{ref}Graver, B., Zhang, K., &amp; Rutherford, D. (2019). <a href="https://theicct.org/sites/default/files/publications/ICCT_CO2-commercl-aviation-2018_20190918.pdf" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">CO2 emissions from commercial aviation, 2018</a>. <em>The International Council of Clean Transportation</em>.{/ref}</p> <!-- /wp:paragraph --> <!-- wp:paragraph --> <p>Most emissions come from passenger flights – in 2018, they accounted for 81% of aviation’s emissions; the remaining 19% came from freight, the transport of goods.&nbsp;</p> <!-- /wp:paragraph --> <!-- wp:paragraph --> <p>Sixty percent of emissions from<em> passenger</em> flights come from international travel; the other 40% come from domestic (in-country) flights.&nbsp;</p> <!-- /wp:paragraph --> <!-- wp:paragraph --> <p>When we break passenger flight emissions down by travel distance, we get a (surprisingly) equal three-way split in emissions between short-haul (less than 1,500 kilometers); medium-haul (1,500 to 4,000 km); and long-haul (greater than 4,000 km) journeys.</p> <!-- /wp:paragraph --> <!-- wp:image {"id":36848,"sizeSlug":"large"} --> <figure class="wp-block-image size-large"><img src="https://owid.cloud/app/uploads/2020/10/Global-breakdown-of-aviation-emissions-800x507.png" alt="" class="wp-image-36848"/></figure> <!-- /wp:image --> <!-- wp:heading {"level":4} --> <h4>The richest half are responsible for 90% of air travel CO<sub>2</sub> emissions</h4> <!-- /wp:heading --> <!-- wp:paragraph --> <p>The global inequalities in how much people fly become clear when we compare aviation emissions across countries of different income levels. The ICCT split these emissions based on World Bank's four <a href="https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/world-banks-income-groups?year=latest" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">income groups</a>.</p> <!-- /wp:paragraph --> <!-- wp:paragraph --> <p>A further study by Susanne Becek and Paresh Pant (2019) compared the contribution of each income group to global air travel emissions versus its share of world population.{ref}Becken, S. and P. Pant (2019). <a href="https://amadeus.com/en/insights/white-paper/airline-initiatives-to-reduce-climate-impact" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Airline initiatives to reduce climate impact: ways to accelerate action</a> (White paper).{/ref} This comparison is shown in the visualization.</p> <!-- /wp:paragraph --> <!-- wp:paragraph --> <p>The ‘richest’ half of the world (high and upper-middle income countries) were responsible for 90% of air travel emissions.{ref}Note that this is based on categorisations from the average income level of countries, and does not take account of variation in income <em>within </em>countries. If we were to look at this distribution based on the income level of individuals rather than countries, the inequality in aviation emissions would be even larger.{/ref}</p> <!-- /wp:paragraph --> <!-- wp:paragraph --> <p>Looking at specific income groups:</p> <!-- /wp:paragraph --> <!-- wp:list --> <ul><li>Only 16% of the world population live in high-income countries yet the planes that take off in those countries account for almost two-thirds (62%) of passenger emissions;</li><li>Upper-middle income countries are home to 35% of the world population, and contribute 28% of emissions;</li><li>Lower-middle income countries are home to the largest share (40% of the world), yet emit the planes taking off there just account for 9%;</li><li>The poorest countries – which are home to 9% of the world population – emit just 1%.</li></ul> <!-- /wp:list --> <!-- wp:paragraph --> <p>In an upcoming article we will look in more detail at the contribution of each country to global aviation emissions.</p> <!-- /wp:paragraph --> <!-- wp:image {"id":36849,"sizeSlug":"large"} --> <figure class="wp-block-image size-large"><img src="https://owid.cloud/app/uploads/2020/10/Inequalities-in-CO2-emissions-from-air-travel-800x437.png" alt="" class="wp-image-36849"/></figure> <!-- /wp:image --> 
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 Global aviation – both passenger flights and freight – emits around one billion tonnes of carbon dioxide (CO2) each year. This was equivalent to around 2.4% of CO2 emissions in 2018. How do global aviation emissions break down? The chart gives the answer. This data is sourced from the 2019 _International Council on Clean Transportation__(ICCT)_ report on global aviation.{ref}Graver, B., Zhang, K., & Rutherford, D. (2019). [CO2 emissions from commercial aviation, 2018](https://theicct.org/sites/default/files/publications/ICCT_CO2-commercl-aviation-2018_20190918.pdf). _The International Council of Clean Transportation_.{/ref} Most emissions come from passenger flights – in 2018, they accounted for 81% of aviation’s emissions; the remaining 19% came from freight, the transport of goods.  Sixty percent of emissions from_ passenger_ flights come from international travel; the other 40% come from domestic (in-country) flights.  When we break passenger flight emissions down by travel distance, we get a (surprisingly) equal three-way split in emissions between short-haul (less than 1,500 kilometers); medium-haul (1,500 to 4,000 km); and long-haul (greater than 4,000 km) journeys. <Image filename="Global-breakdown-of-aviation-emissions.png" alt=""/> ## The richest half are responsible for 90% of air travel CO2 emissions The global inequalities in how much people fly become clear when we compare aviation emissions across countries of different income levels. The ICCT split these emissions based on World Bank's four [income groups](https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/world-banks-income-groups?year=latest). A further study by Susanne Becek and Paresh Pant (2019) compared the contribution of each income group to global air travel emissions versus its share of world population.{ref}Becken, S. and P. Pant (2019). [Airline initiatives to reduce climate impact: ways to accelerate action](https://amadeus.com/en/insights/white-paper/airline-initiatives-to-reduce-climate-impact) (White paper).{/ref} This comparison is shown in the visualization. The ‘richest’ half of the world (high and upper-middle income countries) were responsible for 90% of air travel emissions.{ref}Note that this is based on categorisations from the average income level of countries, and does not take account of variation in income _within _countries. If we were to look at this distribution based on the income level of individuals rather than countries, the inequality in aviation emissions would be even larger.{/ref} Looking at specific income groups: * Only 16% of the world population live in high-income countries yet the planes that take off in those countries account for almost two-thirds (62%) of passenger emissions; * Upper-middle income countries are home to 35% of the world population, and contribute 28% of emissions; * Lower-middle income countries are home to the largest share (40% of the world), yet emit the planes taking off there just account for 9%; * The poorest countries – which are home to 9% of the world population – emit just 1%. In an upcoming article we will look in more detail at the contribution of each country to global aviation emissions. <Image filename="Inequalities-in-CO2-emissions-from-air-travel.png" alt=""/> 
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            "content": "\n<p>Global aviation \u2013 both passenger flights and freight \u2013 emits around one billion tonnes of carbon dioxide (CO<sub>2</sub>) each year. This was equivalent to around 2.4% of CO<sub>2</sub> emissions in 2018.</p>\n\n\n\n<p>How do global aviation emissions break down?</p>\n\n\n\n<p>The chart gives the answer. This data is sourced from the 2019 <em>International Council on Clean Transportation</em> <em>(ICCT)</em> report on global aviation.{ref}Graver, B., Zhang, K., &amp; Rutherford, D. (2019). <a href=\"https://theicct.org/sites/default/files/publications/ICCT_CO2-commercl-aviation-2018_20190918.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">CO2 emissions from commercial aviation, 2018</a>. <em>The International Council of Clean Transportation</em>.{/ref}</p>\n\n\n\n<p>Most emissions come from passenger flights \u2013 in 2018, they accounted for 81% of aviation\u2019s emissions; the remaining 19% came from freight, the transport of goods.&nbsp;</p>\n\n\n\n<p>Sixty percent of emissions from<em> passenger</em> flights come from international travel; the other 40% come from domestic (in-country) flights.&nbsp;</p>\n\n\n\n<p>When we break passenger flight emissions down by travel distance, we get a (surprisingly) equal three-way split in emissions between short-haul (less than 1,500 kilometers); medium-haul (1,500 to 4,000 km); and long-haul (greater than 4,000 km) journeys.</p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" width=\"800\" height=\"507\" src=\"https://owid.cloud/app/uploads/2020/10/Global-breakdown-of-aviation-emissions-800x507.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-36848\" srcset=\"https://owid.cloud/app/uploads/2020/10/Global-breakdown-of-aviation-emissions-800x507.png 800w, https://owid.cloud/app/uploads/2020/10/Global-breakdown-of-aviation-emissions-400x253.png 400w, https://owid.cloud/app/uploads/2020/10/Global-breakdown-of-aviation-emissions-150x95.png 150w, https://owid.cloud/app/uploads/2020/10/Global-breakdown-of-aviation-emissions-768x486.png 768w, https://owid.cloud/app/uploads/2020/10/Global-breakdown-of-aviation-emissions-1536x973.png 1536w, https://owid.cloud/app/uploads/2020/10/Global-breakdown-of-aviation-emissions.png 1650w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\" /></figure>\n\n\n\n<h4>The richest half are responsible for 90% of air travel CO<sub>2</sub> emissions</h4>\n\n\n\n<p>The global inequalities in how much people fly become clear when we compare aviation emissions across countries of different income levels. The ICCT split these emissions based on World Bank&#8217;s four <a href=\"https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/world-banks-income-groups?year=latest\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">income groups</a>.</p>\n\n\n\n<p>A further study by Susanne Becek and Paresh Pant (2019) compared the contribution of each income group to global air travel emissions versus its share of world population.{ref}Becken, S. and P. Pant (2019). <a href=\"https://amadeus.com/en/insights/white-paper/airline-initiatives-to-reduce-climate-impact\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Airline initiatives to reduce climate impact: ways to accelerate action</a> (White paper).{/ref} This comparison is shown in the visualization.</p>\n\n\n\n<p>The \u2018richest\u2019 half of the world (high and upper-middle income countries) were responsible for 90% of air travel emissions.{ref}Note that this is based on categorisations from the average income level of countries, and does not take account of variation in income <em>within </em>countries. If we were to look at this distribution based on the income level of individuals rather than countries, the inequality in aviation emissions would be even larger.{/ref}</p>\n\n\n\n<p>Looking at specific income groups:</p>\n\n\n\n<ul><li>Only 16% of the world population live in high-income countries yet the planes that take off in those countries account for almost two-thirds (62%) of passenger emissions;</li><li>Upper-middle income countries are home to 35% of the world population, and contribute 28% of emissions;</li><li>Lower-middle income countries are home to the largest share (40% of the world), yet emit the planes taking off there just account for 9%;</li><li>The poorest countries \u2013 which are home to 9% of the world population \u2013 emit just 1%.</li></ul>\n\n\n\n<p>In an upcoming article we will look in more detail at the contribution of each country to global aviation emissions.</p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" width=\"800\" height=\"437\" src=\"https://owid.cloud/app/uploads/2020/10/Inequalities-in-CO2-emissions-from-air-travel-800x437.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-36849\" srcset=\"https://owid.cloud/app/uploads/2020/10/Inequalities-in-CO2-emissions-from-air-travel-800x437.png 800w, https://owid.cloud/app/uploads/2020/10/Inequalities-in-CO2-emissions-from-air-travel-400x219.png 400w, https://owid.cloud/app/uploads/2020/10/Inequalities-in-CO2-emissions-from-air-travel-150x82.png 150w, https://owid.cloud/app/uploads/2020/10/Inequalities-in-CO2-emissions-from-air-travel-768x420.png 768w, https://owid.cloud/app/uploads/2020/10/Inequalities-in-CO2-emissions-from-air-travel-1536x840.png 1536w, https://owid.cloud/app/uploads/2020/10/Inequalities-in-CO2-emissions-from-air-travel.png 1655w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\" /></figure>\n"
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