posts: 34363
Data license: CC-BY
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| 34363 | CO2 emissions by fuel | emissions-by-fuel | page | publish | <!-- wp:html --> <!-- formatting-options subnavId:co2 subnavCurrentId:by-fuel --> <!-- /wp:html --> <!-- wp:paragraph --> <p>You can <strong><a href="https://github.com/owid/co2-data">download</a></strong> our complete <em>Our World in Data</em> CO<sub>2</sub> and Greenhouse Gas Emissions database.</p> <!-- /wp:paragraph --> <!-- wp:separator --> <hr class="wp-block-separator"/> <!-- /wp:separator --> <!-- wp:paragraph --> <p>Carbon dioxide (CO<sub>2</sub>) emissions from energy and material production can arise from various sources and fuel type: coal, oil, gas, cement production and gas flaring.</p> <!-- /wp:paragraph --> <!-- wp:paragraph --> <p>As global and national energy systems have transitioned over centuries and decades, the contribution of different fuel sources to CO<sub>2</sub> emissions has changed both geographically and temporally. </p> <!-- /wp:paragraph --> <!-- wp:paragraph --> <p>In this article we look at the breakdown of CO<sub>2</sub> emissions by fuel type, looking at the largest emitters of the past; the largest emitters today; and how these compare when we look at per capita adjustments.</p> <!-- /wp:paragraph --> <!-- wp:owid/prominent-link {"title":"Our related work on Energy","linkUrl":"ourworldindata.org/energy","mediaId":35136,"mediaUrl":"https://owid.cloud/app/uploads/2020/07/global-primary-energy.svg","mediaAlt":"","className":"is-style-thin"} --> <!-- wp:paragraph --> <p>How do energy mixes vary across the world? How much coal, oil and gas do countries produce? Explore our work on Energy.</p> <!-- /wp:paragraph --> <!-- /wp:owid/prominent-link --> <!-- wp:heading --> <h2>CO<sub>2</sub> emissions by fuel type</h2> <!-- /wp:heading --> <!-- wp:heading {"level":3} --> <h3>Coal, oil, gas, cement: where do CO<sub>2</sub> emissions come from?</h3> <!-- /wp:heading --> <!-- wp:columns {"className":"is-style-sticky-left"} --> <div class="wp-block-columns is-style-sticky-left"><!-- wp:column --> <div class="wp-block-column"><!-- wp:html --> <iframe style="width: 100%; height: 600px; border: 0px none;" src="https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/CO2-by-source"></iframe> <!-- /wp:html --> <!-- wp:html --> <iframe src="https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/co2-emissions-by-fuel-line" loading="lazy" style="width: 100%; height: 600px; border: 0px none;"></iframe> <!-- /wp:html --></div> <!-- /wp:column --> <!-- wp:column --> <div class="wp-block-column"><!-- wp:paragraph --> <p>Carbon dioxide emissions associated with energy and industrial production can come from a range of fuel types. The contribution of each of these sources has changed significantly through time, and still shows large differences by region. In the chart we see the absolute and relative contribution of CO<sub>2</sub> emissions by source, differentiated between coal, gas, oil, flaring, and cement production.</p> <!-- /wp:paragraph --> <!-- wp:paragraph --> <p>At a global level we see that early industrialisation was dominated by the use of solid fuel—this is best observed by switching to the 'relative' view in the chart. </p> <!-- /wp:paragraph --> <!-- wp:paragraph --> <p>Coal-fired power at an industrial-scale was the first to emerge in Europe and North America during the 1700s. It wasn’t until the late 1800s that we begin to see a growth in emissions from oil and gas production. Another century passed before emissions from flaring and cement production began. </p> <!-- /wp:paragraph --> <!-- wp:paragraph --> <p>In the present day, solid and liquid fuel dominate, although contributions from gas production are also notable. Cement and flaring at the global level remain comparably small.</p> <!-- /wp:paragraph --> <!-- wp:paragraph --> <p>The trends vary significantly by region. Overall patterns across Europe and North America are similar: early industrialisation began through solid fuel consumption, however, through time this energy mix has diversified. Today, CO<sub>2</sub> emissions are spread fairly equally between coal, oil and gas. In contrast, Latin America and the Caribbean’s emissions have historically been and remain a product of liquid fuel—even in the early stages of development coal consumption was small.{ref}Zilio, M., & Recalde, M. (2011). GDP and environment pressure: the role of energy in Latin America and the Caribbean. <em>Energy Policy</em>, <em>39</em>(12), 7941-7949. Available at: <a href="http://doi.org/10.1016/j.enpol.2011.09.049">doi.org/10.1016/j.enpol.2011.09.049</a>{/ref}</p> <!-- /wp:paragraph --> <!-- wp:paragraph --> <p> Asia’s energy remains dominant in solid fuel consumption, and has notably higher cement contributions relative to other regions.{ref}Ali, M. B., Saidur, R., & Hossain, M. S. (2011). A review on emission analysis in cement industries. <em>Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews</em>, <em>15</em>(5), 2252-2261. Available at: <a href="http://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2011.02.014">doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2011.02.014</a>{/ref}</p> <!-- /wp:paragraph --> <!-- wp:paragraph --> <p> Africa also has more notable emissions from cement and <a href="http://www.worldbank.org/en/programs/gasflaringreduction" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">flaring</a>; however, its key sources of emissions are a diverse mix between solid, liquid and gas.</p> <!-- /wp:paragraph --></div> <!-- /wp:column --></div> <!-- /wp:columns --> <!-- wp:heading {"level":3} --> <h3><strong>Per capita:</strong> How do coal, oil, gas and cement emissions compare?</h3> <!-- /wp:heading --> <!-- wp:columns {"className":"is-style-sticky-left"} --> <div class="wp-block-columns is-style-sticky-left"><!-- wp:column --> <div class="wp-block-column"><!-- wp:html --> <iframe src="https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/per-capita-co2-fuel" loading="lazy" style="width: 100%; height: 600px; border: 0px none;"></iframe> <!-- /wp:html --> <!-- wp:html --> <iframe src="https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/per-capita-co2-by-fuel?time=2019&country=~CHN~USA~OWID_WRL~IND~GBR~BRA~AUS~SWE~FRA~DEU~ZAF" loading="lazy" style="width: 100%; height: 600px; border: 0px none;"></iframe> <!-- /wp:html --></div> <!-- /wp:column --> <!-- wp:column --> <div class="wp-block-column"><!-- wp:paragraph --> <p>Total emissions from different sources – coal, oil, gas and cement – largely reflect the population of a given country.</p> <!-- /wp:paragraph --> <!-- wp:paragraph --> <p>How do these figures compare when we look at them on a per capita basis? This chart shows per capita CO<sub>2</sub> emissions from coal, oil, gas, flaring and cement, measured in tonnes of CO<sub>2</sub> per year.</p> <!-- /wp:paragraph --> <!-- wp:paragraph --> <p>The distribution across different fuel sources is very dependent on energy production and mix in a given country. In the US or the UK, for example, oil followed by gas are the largest contributors. In China and India, coal is much more dominant. In Russia, it's gas.</p> <!-- /wp:paragraph --> <!-- wp:owid/help --> <!-- wp:heading {"level":4} --> <h4><strong>How you can interact with this chart</strong></h4> <!-- /wp:heading --> <!-- wp:list --> <ul><li>On these charts you see the button <strong>Change Country </strong>in the bottom left corner – with this option you can switch the chart to any other country in the world.</li><li>If you drag the blue time-slider you will see the bar chart transform into a line chart, and show the change over time.</li></ul> <!-- /wp:list --> <!-- wp:paragraph {"placeholder":"Enter help content..."} --> <p></p> <!-- /wp:paragraph --> <!-- /wp:owid/help --></div> <!-- /wp:column --></div> <!-- /wp:columns --> <!-- wp:heading --> <h2>Emissions from coal</h2> <!-- /wp:heading --> <!-- wp:heading {"level":3} --> <h3><strong>Annual</strong> CO<sub>2</sub> emissions from coal</h3> <!-- /wp:heading --> <!-- wp:columns {"className":"is-style-sticky-left"} --> <div class="wp-block-columns is-style-sticky-left"><!-- wp:column --> <div class="wp-block-column"><!-- wp:html --> <iframe src="https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/annual-co2-coal?tab=chart" loading="lazy" style="width: 100%; height: 600px; border: 0px none;"></iframe> <!-- /wp:html --></div> <!-- /wp:column --> <!-- wp:column --> <div class="wp-block-column"><!-- wp:paragraph --> <p>Which countries are the largest CO<sub>2</sub> emitters from coal production?</p> <!-- /wp:paragraph --> <!-- wp:paragraph --> <p>This interactive shows annual emissions from coal production by country, over time. </p> <!-- /wp:paragraph --> <!-- wp:paragraph --> <p>What becomes clear when we look across countries is how coal production has shifted over time. Throughout the 19th and 20th centuries, coal production was dominant across countries in Europe (predominantly the UK) and the United States. However, energy transitions in these countries have resulted in significant declines in recent decades.</p> <!-- /wp:paragraph --> <!-- wp:paragraph --> <p>Emissions from coal have since shifted elsewhere: in recent decades we have seen a rapid rise in emissions from industrializing economies such as China, India and South Africa. </p> <!-- /wp:paragraph --> <!-- wp:owid/help --> <!-- wp:heading {"level":4} --> <h4>Two tips on how you can interact with this chart</h4> <!-- /wp:heading --> <!-- wp:list --> <ul><li><strong>Add any other country to this chart:</strong> click on the Add country button to compare with any other country.</li><li><strong>View this data on a world map: </strong>switch to a global map of confirmed deaths using the 'MAP' tab at the bottom of the chart.</li></ul> <!-- /wp:list --> <!-- wp:paragraph {"placeholder":"Enter help content..."} --> <p></p> <!-- /wp:paragraph --> <!-- /wp:owid/help --></div> <!-- /wp:column --></div> <!-- /wp:columns --> <!-- wp:heading {"level":3} --> <h3><strong>Per capita</strong> CO<sub>2</sub> emissions from coal</h3> <!-- /wp:heading --> <!-- wp:columns {"className":"is-style-sticky-left"} --> <div class="wp-block-columns is-style-sticky-left"><!-- wp:column --> <div class="wp-block-column"><!-- wp:html --> <iframe src="https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/per-capita-co2-coal" loading="lazy" style="width: 100%; height: 600px; border: 0px none;"></iframe> <!-- /wp:html --></div> <!-- /wp:column --> <!-- wp:column --> <div class="wp-block-column"><!-- wp:paragraph --> <p>How do emissions from coal compare when we adjust for population?</p> <!-- /wp:paragraph --> <!-- wp:paragraph --> <p>This interactive chart shows per capita CO<sub>2</sub> emissions from coal, measured in tonnes per person per year. </p> <!-- /wp:paragraph --></div> <!-- /wp:column --></div> <!-- /wp:columns --> <!-- wp:heading --> <h2>Emissions from oil</h2> <!-- /wp:heading --> <!-- wp:heading {"level":3} --> <h3><strong>Annual</strong> CO<sub>2</sub> emissions from oil</h3> <!-- /wp:heading --> <!-- wp:columns {"className":"is-style-sticky-left"} --> <div class="wp-block-columns is-style-sticky-left"><!-- wp:column --> <div class="wp-block-column"><!-- wp:html --> <iframe src="https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/annual-co2-oil?tab=chart" loading="lazy" style="width: 100%; height: 600px; border: 0px none;"></iframe> <!-- /wp:html --></div> <!-- /wp:column --> <!-- wp:column --> <div class="wp-block-column"><!-- wp:paragraph --> <p>Which countries are the largest CO<sub>2</sub> emitters from oil?</p> <!-- /wp:paragraph --> <!-- wp:paragraph --> <p>This interactive shows annual emissions from oil by country, over time. </p> <!-- /wp:paragraph --> <!-- wp:owid/help --> <!-- wp:heading {"level":4} --> <h4>Two tips on how you can interact with this chart</h4> <!-- /wp:heading --> <!-- wp:list --> <ul><li><strong>Add any other country to this chart:</strong> click on the Add country button to compare with any other country.</li><li><strong>View this data on a world map: </strong>switch to a global map of confirmed deaths using the 'MAP' tab at the bottom of the chart.</li></ul> <!-- /wp:list --> <!-- wp:paragraph {"placeholder":"Enter help content..."} --> <p></p> <!-- /wp:paragraph --> <!-- /wp:owid/help --></div> <!-- /wp:column --></div> <!-- /wp:columns --> <!-- wp:heading {"level":3} --> <h3><strong>Per capita</strong> CO<sub>2</sub> emissions from oil</h3> <!-- /wp:heading --> <!-- wp:columns {"className":"is-style-sticky-left"} --> <div class="wp-block-columns is-style-sticky-left"><!-- wp:column --> <div class="wp-block-column"><!-- wp:html --> <iframe src="https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/per-capita-co2-oil" loading="lazy" style="width: 100%; height: 600px; border: 0px none;"></iframe> <!-- /wp:html --></div> <!-- /wp:column --> <!-- wp:column --> <div class="wp-block-column"><!-- wp:paragraph --> <p>How do emissions from oil compare when we adjust for population?</p> <!-- /wp:paragraph --> <!-- wp:paragraph --> <p>This interactive chart shows per capita CO<sub>2</sub> emissions from oil, measured in tonnes per person per year. </p> <!-- /wp:paragraph --></div> <!-- /wp:column --></div> <!-- /wp:columns --> <!-- wp:heading --> <h2>Emissions from gas</h2> <!-- /wp:heading --> <!-- wp:heading {"level":3} --> <h3><strong>Annual</strong> CO<sub>2</sub> emissions from gas</h3> <!-- /wp:heading --> <!-- wp:columns {"className":"is-style-sticky-left"} --> <div class="wp-block-columns is-style-sticky-left"><!-- wp:column --> <div class="wp-block-column"><!-- wp:html --> <iframe src="https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/annual-co2-gas?tab=chart" loading="lazy" style="width: 100%; height: 600px; border: 0px none;"></iframe> <!-- /wp:html --></div> <!-- /wp:column --> <!-- wp:column --> <div class="wp-block-column"><!-- wp:paragraph --> <p>Which countries are the largest CO<sub>2</sub> emitters from gas?</p> <!-- /wp:paragraph --> <!-- wp:paragraph --> <p>This interactive shows annual emissions from gas by country, over time. </p> <!-- /wp:paragraph --> <!-- wp:owid/help --> <!-- wp:heading {"level":4} --> <h4>Two tips on how you can interact with this chart</h4> <!-- /wp:heading --> <!-- wp:list --> <ul><li><strong>Add any other country to this chart:</strong> click on the Add country button to compare with any other country.</li><li><strong>View this data on a world map: </strong>switch to a global map of confirmed deaths using the 'MAP' tab at the bottom of the chart.</li></ul> <!-- /wp:list --> <!-- wp:paragraph {"placeholder":"Enter help content..."} --> <p></p> <!-- /wp:paragraph --> <!-- /wp:owid/help --></div> <!-- /wp:column --></div> <!-- /wp:columns --> <!-- wp:heading {"level":3} --> <h3><strong>Per capita</strong> CO<sub>2</sub> emissions from gas</h3> <!-- /wp:heading --> <!-- wp:columns {"className":"is-style-sticky-left"} --> <div class="wp-block-columns is-style-sticky-left"><!-- wp:column --> <div class="wp-block-column"><!-- wp:html --> <iframe src="https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/per-capita-co2-gas" loading="lazy" style="width: 100%; height: 600px; border: 0px none;"></iframe> <!-- /wp:html --></div> <!-- /wp:column --> <!-- wp:column --> <div class="wp-block-column"><!-- wp:paragraph --> <p>How do emissions from gas compare when we adjust for population?</p> <!-- /wp:paragraph --> <!-- wp:paragraph --> <p>This interactive chart shows per capita CO<sub>2</sub> emissions from gas, measured in tonnes per person per year. </p> <!-- /wp:paragraph --></div> <!-- /wp:column --></div> <!-- /wp:columns --> <!-- wp:heading --> <h2>Emissions from cement production</h2> <!-- /wp:heading --> <!-- wp:heading {"level":3} --> <h3><strong>Annual</strong> CO<sub>2</sub> emissions from cement</h3> <!-- /wp:heading --> <!-- wp:columns {"className":"is-style-sticky-left"} --> <div class="wp-block-columns is-style-sticky-left"><!-- wp:column --> <div class="wp-block-column"><!-- wp:html --> <iframe src="https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/annual-co2-cement?tab=chart" loading="lazy" style="width: 100%; height: 600px; border: 0px none;"></iframe> <!-- /wp:html --></div> <!-- /wp:column --> <!-- wp:column --> <div class="wp-block-column"><!-- wp:paragraph --> <p>Which countries are the largest CO<sub>2</sub> emitters from cement production?</p> <!-- /wp:paragraph --> <!-- wp:paragraph --> <p>This interactive shows annual emissions from cement production by country, over time. </p> <!-- /wp:paragraph --> <!-- wp:owid/help --> <!-- wp:heading {"level":4} --> <h4>Two tips on how you can interact with this chart</h4> <!-- /wp:heading --> <!-- wp:list --> <ul><li><strong>Add any other country to this chart:</strong> click on the Add country button to compare with any other country.</li><li><strong>View this data on a world map: </strong>switch to a global map of confirmed deaths using the 'MAP' tab at the bottom of the chart.</li></ul> <!-- /wp:list --> <!-- wp:paragraph {"placeholder":"Enter help content..."} --> <p></p> <!-- /wp:paragraph --> <!-- /wp:owid/help --></div> <!-- /wp:column --></div> <!-- /wp:columns --> <!-- wp:heading {"level":3} --> <h3><strong>Per capita</strong> CO<sub>2</sub> emissions from cement</h3> <!-- /wp:heading --> <!-- wp:columns {"className":"is-style-sticky-left"} --> <div class="wp-block-columns is-style-sticky-left"><!-- wp:column --> <div class="wp-block-column"><!-- wp:html --> <iframe src="https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/per-capita-co2-cement" loading="lazy" style="width: 100%; height: 600px; border: 0px none;"></iframe> <!-- /wp:html --></div> <!-- /wp:column --> <!-- wp:column --> <div class="wp-block-column"><!-- wp:paragraph --> <p>How do emissions from cement production compare when we adjust for population?</p> <!-- /wp:paragraph --> <!-- wp:paragraph --> <p>This interactive chart shows per capita CO<sub>2</sub> emissions from cement production, measured in tonnes per person per year. </p> <!-- /wp:paragraph --></div> <!-- /wp:column --></div> <!-- /wp:columns --> <!-- wp:heading --> <h2>Emissions from gas flaring</h2> <!-- /wp:heading --> <!-- wp:heading {"level":3} --> <h3><strong>Annual</strong> CO<sub>2</sub> emissions from gas flaring</h3> <!-- /wp:heading --> <!-- wp:columns {"className":"is-style-sticky-left"} --> <div class="wp-block-columns is-style-sticky-left"><!-- wp:column --> <div class="wp-block-column"><!-- wp:html --> <iframe src="https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/annual-co2-flaring?tab=chart" loading="lazy" style="width: 100%; height: 600px; border: 0px none;"></iframe> <!-- /wp:html --></div> <!-- /wp:column --> <!-- wp:column --> <div class="wp-block-column"><!-- wp:paragraph --> <p>Which countries are the largest CO<sub>2</sub> emitters from gas flaring?</p> <!-- /wp:paragraph --> <!-- wp:paragraph --> <p>This interactive shows annual emissions from gas flaring by country, over time. </p> <!-- /wp:paragraph --> <!-- wp:owid/help --> <!-- wp:heading {"level":4} --> <h4>What is gas flaring?</h4> <!-- /wp:heading --> <!-- wp:paragraph {"placeholder":"Enter help content..."} --> <p>Gas flaring is the burning of natural gas, often on oil or gas extraction sites. </p> <!-- /wp:paragraph --> <!-- wp:paragraph {"placeholder":"Enter help content..."} --> <p>Gas can be produced as by-product during oil extraction and refining. If there are no on-site uses for the gas, refineries can either inject it back into the ground, let it vent to the atmosphere, or burn (i.e. flare) it. This flaring process produces greenhouse gas emissions.</p> <!-- /wp:paragraph --> <!-- wp:paragraph --> <p></p> <!-- /wp:paragraph --> <!-- /wp:owid/help --> <!-- wp:paragraph --> <p></p> <!-- /wp:paragraph --></div> <!-- /wp:column --></div> <!-- /wp:columns --> <!-- wp:heading {"level":3} --> <h3><strong>Per capita</strong> CO<sub>2</sub> emissions from gas flaring</h3> <!-- /wp:heading --> <!-- wp:columns {"className":"is-style-sticky-left"} --> <div class="wp-block-columns is-style-sticky-left"><!-- wp:column --> <div class="wp-block-column"><!-- wp:html --> <iframe src="https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/per-capita-co2-flaring" loading="lazy" style="width: 100%; height: 600px; border: 0px none;"></iframe> <!-- /wp:html --></div> <!-- /wp:column --> <!-- wp:column --> <div class="wp-block-column"><!-- wp:paragraph --> <p>How do emissions from gas flaring compare when we adjust for population?</p> <!-- /wp:paragraph --> <!-- wp:paragraph --> <p>This interactive chart shows per capita CO<sub>2</sub> emissions from gas flaring, measured in tonnes per person per year. </p> <!-- /wp:paragraph --></div> <!-- /wp:column --></div> <!-- /wp:columns --> <!-- wp:paragraph --> <p></p> <!-- /wp:paragraph --> | {
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2020-06-23 11:10:04 | 2024-02-16 14:22:40 | 1PDB-UHqVRoGCwbsKAQROBhPV58dV534APaQ5tjJqEXM | [
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Coal, oil, gas or flaring: where do our CO2 emissions come from? How are emissions from these fuels changing over time? | 2020-06-23 12:10:04 | 2021-05-31 14:44:22 | https://ourworldindata.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/08/CO2-by-source.png | {
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You can **[download](https://github.com/owid/co2-data)** our complete _Our World in Data_ CO2 and Greenhouse Gas Emissions database. Carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions from energy and material production can arise from various sources and fuel type: coal, oil, gas, cement production and gas flaring. As global and national energy systems have transitioned over centuries and decades, the contribution of different fuel sources to CO2 emissions has changed both geographically and temporally. In this article we look at the breakdown of CO2 emissions by fuel type, looking at the largest emitters of the past; the largest emitters today; and how these compare when we look at per capita adjustments. ### Our related work on Energy How do energy mixes vary across the world? How much coal, oil and gas do countries produce? Explore our work on Energy. ourworldindata.org/energy ## CO2 emissions by fuel type ### Coal, oil, gas, cement: where do CO2 emissions come from? <Chart url="https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/CO2-by-source"/> <Chart url="https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/co2-emissions-by-fuel-line"/> Carbon dioxide emissions associated with energy and industrial production can come from a range of fuel types. The contribution of each of these sources has changed significantly through time, and still shows large differences by region. In the chart we see the absolute and relative contribution of CO2 emissions by source, differentiated between coal, gas, oil, flaring, and cement production. At a global level we see that early industrialisation was dominated by the use of solid fuel—this is best observed by switching to the 'relative' view in the chart. Coal-fired power at an industrial-scale was the first to emerge in Europe and North America during the 1700s. It wasn’t until the late 1800s that we begin to see a growth in emissions from oil and gas production. Another century passed before emissions from flaring and cement production began. In the present day, solid and liquid fuel dominate, although contributions from gas production are also notable. Cement and flaring at the global level remain comparably small. The trends vary significantly by region. Overall patterns across Europe and North America are similar: early industrialisation began through solid fuel consumption, however, through time this energy mix has diversified. Today, CO2 emissions are spread fairly equally between coal, oil and gas. In contrast, Latin America and the Caribbean’s emissions have historically been and remain a product of liquid fuel—even in the early stages of development coal consumption was small.{ref}Zilio, M., & Recalde, M. (2011). GDP and environment pressure: the role of energy in Latin America and the Caribbean. _Energy Policy_, _39_(12), 7941-7949. Available at: [doi.org/10.1016/j.enpol.2011.09.049](http://doi.org/10.1016/j.enpol.2011.09.049){/ref} Asia’s energy remains dominant in solid fuel consumption, and has notably higher cement contributions relative to other regions.{ref}Ali, M. B., Saidur, R., & Hossain, M. S. (2011). A review on emission analysis in cement industries. _Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews_, _15_(5), 2252-2261. Available at: [doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2011.02.014](http://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2011.02.014){/ref} Africa also has more notable emissions from cement and [flaring](http://www.worldbank.org/en/programs/gasflaringreduction); however, its key sources of emissions are a diverse mix between solid, liquid and gas. ### **Per capita:** How do coal, oil, gas and cement emissions compare? <Chart url="https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/per-capita-co2-fuel"/> <Chart url="https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/per-capita-co2-by-fuel?time=2019&country=~CHN~USA~OWID_WRL~IND~GBR~BRA~AUS~SWE~FRA~DEU~ZAF"/> Total emissions from different sources – coal, oil, gas and cement – largely reflect the population of a given country. How do these figures compare when we look at them on a per capita basis? This chart shows per capita CO2 emissions from coal, oil, gas, flaring and cement, measured in tonnes of CO2 per year. The distribution across different fuel sources is very dependent on energy production and mix in a given country. In the US or the UK, for example, oil followed by gas are the largest contributors. In China and India, coal is much more dominant. In Russia, it's gas. #### **How you can interact with this chart** * On these charts you see the button **Change Country **in the bottom left corner – with this option you can switch the chart to any other country in the world. * If you drag the blue time-slider you will see the bar chart transform into a line chart, and show the change over time. ## Emissions from coal ### **Annual** CO2 emissions from coal <Chart url="https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/annual-co2-coal?tab=chart"/> Which countries are the largest CO2 emitters from coal production? This interactive shows annual emissions from coal production by country, over time. What becomes clear when we look across countries is how coal production has shifted over time. Throughout the 19th and 20th centuries, coal production was dominant across countries in Europe (predominantly the UK) and the United States. However, energy transitions in these countries have resulted in significant declines in recent decades. Emissions from coal have since shifted elsewhere: in recent decades we have seen a rapid rise in emissions from industrializing economies such as China, India and South Africa. #### Two tips on how you can interact with this chart * **Add any other country to this chart:** click on the Add country button to compare with any other country. * **View this data on a world map: **switch to a global map of confirmed deaths using the 'MAP' tab at the bottom of the chart. ### **Per capita** CO2 emissions from coal <Chart url="https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/per-capita-co2-coal"/> How do emissions from coal compare when we adjust for population? This interactive chart shows per capita CO2 emissions from coal, measured in tonnes per person per year. ## Emissions from oil ### **Annual** CO2 emissions from oil <Chart url="https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/annual-co2-oil?tab=chart"/> Which countries are the largest CO2 emitters from oil? This interactive shows annual emissions from oil by country, over time. #### Two tips on how you can interact with this chart * **Add any other country to this chart:** click on the Add country button to compare with any other country. * **View this data on a world map: **switch to a global map of confirmed deaths using the 'MAP' tab at the bottom of the chart. ### **Per capita** CO2 emissions from oil <Chart url="https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/per-capita-co2-oil"/> How do emissions from oil compare when we adjust for population? This interactive chart shows per capita CO2 emissions from oil, measured in tonnes per person per year. ## Emissions from gas ### **Annual** CO2 emissions from gas <Chart url="https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/annual-co2-gas?tab=chart"/> Which countries are the largest CO2 emitters from gas? This interactive shows annual emissions from gas by country, over time. #### Two tips on how you can interact with this chart * **Add any other country to this chart:** click on the Add country button to compare with any other country. * **View this data on a world map: **switch to a global map of confirmed deaths using the 'MAP' tab at the bottom of the chart. ### **Per capita** CO2 emissions from gas <Chart url="https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/per-capita-co2-gas"/> How do emissions from gas compare when we adjust for population? This interactive chart shows per capita CO2 emissions from gas, measured in tonnes per person per year. ## Emissions from cement production ### **Annual** CO2 emissions from cement <Chart url="https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/annual-co2-cement?tab=chart"/> Which countries are the largest CO2 emitters from cement production? This interactive shows annual emissions from cement production by country, over time. #### Two tips on how you can interact with this chart * **Add any other country to this chart:** click on the Add country button to compare with any other country. * **View this data on a world map: **switch to a global map of confirmed deaths using the 'MAP' tab at the bottom of the chart. ### **Per capita** CO2 emissions from cement <Chart url="https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/per-capita-co2-cement"/> How do emissions from cement production compare when we adjust for population? This interactive chart shows per capita CO2 emissions from cement production, measured in tonnes per person per year. ## Emissions from gas flaring ### **Annual** CO2 emissions from gas flaring <Chart url="https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/annual-co2-flaring?tab=chart"/> Which countries are the largest CO2 emitters from gas flaring? This interactive shows annual emissions from gas flaring by country, over time. #### What is gas flaring? Gas flaring is the burning of natural gas, often on oil or gas extraction sites. Gas can be produced as by-product during oil extraction and refining. If there are no on-site uses for the gas, refineries can either inject it back into the ground, let it vent to the atmosphere, or burn (i.e. flare) it. This flaring process produces greenhouse gas emissions. ### **Per capita** CO2 emissions from gas flaring <Chart url="https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/per-capita-co2-flaring"/> How do emissions from gas flaring compare when we adjust for population? 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"rendered": "\n<!-- formatting-options subnavId:co2 subnavCurrentId:by-fuel -->\n\n\n\n<p>You can <strong><a href=\"https://github.com/owid/co2-data\">download</a></strong> our complete <em>Our World in Data</em> CO<sub>2</sub> and Greenhouse Gas Emissions database.</p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator\"/>\n\n\n\n<p>Carbon dioxide (CO<sub>2</sub>) emissions from energy and material production can arise from various sources and fuel type: coal, oil, gas, cement production and gas flaring.</p>\n\n\n\n<p>As global and national energy systems have transitioned over centuries and decades, the contribution of different fuel sources to CO<sub>2</sub> emissions has changed both geographically and temporally. </p>\n\n\n\n<p>In this article we look at the breakdown of CO<sub>2</sub> emissions by fuel type, looking at the largest emitters of the past; the largest emitters today; and how these compare when we look at per capita adjustments.</p>\n\n\n <block type=\"prominent-link\" style=\"is-style-thin\">\n <link-url>http://ourworldindata.org/energy</link-url>\n <title>Our related work on Energy</title>\n <content>\n\n<p>How do energy mixes vary across the world? How much coal, oil and gas do countries produce? Explore our work on Energy.</p>\n\n</content>\n <figure><img width=\"768\" height=\"1\" src=\"https://owid.cloud/app/uploads/2020/07/global-primary-energy.svg\" class=\"attachment-medium_large size-medium_large\" alt=\"\" loading=\"lazy\" height=\"600\" width=\"850\" /></figure>\n </block>\n\n\n<h2>CO<sub>2</sub> emissions by fuel type</h2>\n\n\n\n<h3>Coal, oil, gas, cement: where do CO<sub>2</sub> emissions come from?</h3>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-style-sticky-left\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column\">\n<iframe style=\"width: 100%; height: 600px; border: 0px none;\" src=\"https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/CO2-by-source\"></iframe>\n\n\n\n<iframe src=\"https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/co2-emissions-by-fuel-line\" loading=\"lazy\" style=\"width: 100%; height: 600px; border: 0px none;\"></iframe>\n</div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column\">\n<p>Carbon dioxide emissions associated with energy and industrial production can come from a range of fuel types. The contribution of each of these sources has changed significantly through time, and still shows large differences by region. In the chart we see the absolute and relative contribution of CO<sub>2</sub> emissions by source, differentiated between coal, gas, oil, flaring, and cement production.</p>\n\n\n\n<p>At a global level we see that early industrialisation was dominated by the use of solid fuel\u2014this is best observed by switching to the ‘relative’ view in the chart. </p>\n\n\n\n<p>Coal-fired power at an industrial-scale was the first to emerge in Europe and North America during the 1700s. It wasn\u2019t until the late 1800s that we begin to see a growth in emissions from oil and gas production. Another century passed before emissions from flaring and cement production began. </p>\n\n\n\n<p>In the present day, solid and liquid fuel dominate, although contributions from gas production are also notable. 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Available at: <a href=\"http://doi.org/10.1016/j.enpol.2011.09.049\">doi.org/10.1016/j.enpol.2011.09.049</a>{/ref}</p>\n\n\n\n<p> Asia\u2019s energy remains dominant in solid fuel consumption, and has notably higher cement contributions relative to other regions.{ref}Ali, M. B., Saidur, R., & Hossain, M. S. (2011). A review on emission analysis in cement industries. <em>Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews</em>, <em>15</em>(5), 2252-2261. Available at: <a href=\"http://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2011.02.014\">doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2011.02.014</a>{/ref}</p>\n\n\n\n<p> Africa also has more notable emissions from cement and <a href=\"http://www.worldbank.org/en/programs/gasflaringreduction\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">flaring</a>; however, its key sources of emissions are a diverse mix between solid, liquid and gas.</p>\n</div>\n</div>\n\n\n\n<h3><strong>Per capita:</strong> How do coal, oil, gas and cement emissions compare?</h3>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-style-sticky-left\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column\">\n<iframe src=\"https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/per-capita-co2-fuel\" loading=\"lazy\" style=\"width: 100%; height: 600px; border: 0px none;\"></iframe>\n\n\n\n<iframe src=\"https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/per-capita-co2-by-fuel?time=2019&country=~CHN~USA~OWID_WRL~IND~GBR~BRA~AUS~SWE~FRA~DEU~ZAF\" loading=\"lazy\" style=\"width: 100%; height: 600px; border: 0px none;\"></iframe>\n</div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column\">\n<p>Total emissions from different sources \u2013 coal, oil, gas and cement \u2013 largely reflect the population of a given country.</p>\n\n\n\n<p>How do these figures compare when we look at them on a per capita basis? 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In Russia, it’s gas.</p>\n\n\n\t<block type=\"help\">\n\t\t<content>\n\n<h4><strong>How you can interact with this chart</strong></h4>\n\n\n\n<ul><li>On these charts you see the button <strong>Change Country </strong>in the bottom left corner \u2013 with this option you can switch the chart to any other country in the world.</li><li>If you drag the blue time-slider you will see the bar chart transform into a line chart, and show the change over time.</li></ul>\n\n\n\n<p></p>\n\n</content>\n\t</block></div>\n</div>\n\n\n\n<h2>Emissions from coal</h2>\n\n\n\n<h3><strong>Annual</strong> CO<sub>2</sub> emissions from coal</h3>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-style-sticky-left\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column\">\n<iframe src=\"https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/annual-co2-coal?tab=chart\" loading=\"lazy\" style=\"width: 100%; height: 600px; border: 0px none;\"></iframe>\n</div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column\">\n<p>Which countries are the largest CO<sub>2</sub> emitters from coal production?</p>\n\n\n\n<p>This interactive shows annual emissions from coal production by country, over time. </p>\n\n\n\n<p>What becomes clear when we look across countries is how coal production has shifted over time. Throughout the 19th and 20th centuries, coal production was dominant across countries in Europe (predominantly the UK) and the United States. However, energy transitions in these countries have resulted in significant declines in recent decades.</p>\n\n\n\n<p>Emissions from coal have since shifted elsewhere: in recent decades we have seen a rapid rise in emissions from industrializing economies such as China, India and South Africa. </p>\n\n\n\t<block type=\"help\">\n\t\t<content>\n\n<h4>Two tips on how you can interact with this chart</h4>\n\n\n\n<ul><li><strong>Add any other country to this chart:</strong> click on the Add country button to compare with any other country.</li><li><strong>View this data on a world map: </strong>switch to a global map of confirmed deaths using the ‘MAP’ tab at the bottom of the chart.</li></ul>\n\n\n\n<p></p>\n\n</content>\n\t</block></div>\n</div>\n\n\n\n<h3><strong>Per capita</strong> CO<sub>2</sub> emissions from coal</h3>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-style-sticky-left\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column\">\n<iframe src=\"https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/per-capita-co2-coal\" loading=\"lazy\" style=\"width: 100%; height: 600px; border: 0px none;\"></iframe>\n</div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column\">\n<p>How do emissions from coal compare when we adjust for population?</p>\n\n\n\n<p>This interactive chart shows per capita CO<sub>2</sub> emissions from coal, measured in tonnes per person per year. </p>\n</div>\n</div>\n\n\n\n<h2>Emissions from oil</h2>\n\n\n\n<h3><strong>Annual</strong> CO<sub>2</sub> emissions from oil</h3>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-style-sticky-left\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column\">\n<iframe src=\"https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/annual-co2-oil?tab=chart\" loading=\"lazy\" style=\"width: 100%; height: 600px; border: 0px none;\"></iframe>\n</div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column\">\n<p>Which countries are the largest CO<sub>2</sub> emitters from oil?</p>\n\n\n\n<p>This interactive shows annual emissions from oil by country, over time. </p>\n\n\n\t<block type=\"help\">\n\t\t<content>\n\n<h4>Two tips on how you can interact with this chart</h4>\n\n\n\n<ul><li><strong>Add any other country to this chart:</strong> click on the Add country button to compare with any other country.</li><li><strong>View this data on a world map: </strong>switch to a global map of confirmed deaths using the ‘MAP’ tab at the bottom of the chart.</li></ul>\n\n\n\n<p></p>\n\n</content>\n\t</block></div>\n</div>\n\n\n\n<h3><strong>Per capita</strong> CO<sub>2</sub> emissions from oil</h3>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-style-sticky-left\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column\">\n<iframe src=\"https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/per-capita-co2-oil\" loading=\"lazy\" style=\"width: 100%; height: 600px; border: 0px none;\"></iframe>\n</div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column\">\n<p>How do emissions from oil compare when we adjust for population?</p>\n\n\n\n<p>This interactive chart shows per capita CO<sub>2</sub> emissions from oil, measured in tonnes per person per year. </p>\n</div>\n</div>\n\n\n\n<h2>Emissions from gas</h2>\n\n\n\n<h3><strong>Annual</strong> CO<sub>2</sub> emissions from gas</h3>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-style-sticky-left\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column\">\n<iframe src=\"https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/annual-co2-gas?tab=chart\" loading=\"lazy\" style=\"width: 100%; height: 600px; border: 0px none;\"></iframe>\n</div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column\">\n<p>Which countries are the largest CO<sub>2</sub> emitters from gas?</p>\n\n\n\n<p>This interactive shows annual emissions from gas by country, over time. </p>\n\n\n\t<block type=\"help\">\n\t\t<content>\n\n<h4>Two tips on how you can interact with this chart</h4>\n\n\n\n<ul><li><strong>Add any other country to this chart:</strong> click on the Add country button to compare with any other country.</li><li><strong>View this data on a world map: </strong>switch to a global map of confirmed deaths using the ‘MAP’ tab at the bottom of the chart.</li></ul>\n\n\n\n<p></p>\n\n</content>\n\t</block></div>\n</div>\n\n\n\n<h3><strong>Per capita</strong> CO<sub>2</sub> emissions from gas</h3>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-style-sticky-left\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column\">\n<iframe src=\"https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/per-capita-co2-gas\" loading=\"lazy\" style=\"width: 100%; height: 600px; border: 0px none;\"></iframe>\n</div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column\">\n<p>How do emissions from gas compare when we adjust for population?</p>\n\n\n\n<p>This interactive chart shows per capita CO<sub>2</sub> emissions from gas, measured in tonnes per person per year. </p>\n</div>\n</div>\n\n\n\n<h2>Emissions from cement production</h2>\n\n\n\n<h3><strong>Annual</strong> CO<sub>2</sub> emissions from cement</h3>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-style-sticky-left\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column\">\n<iframe src=\"https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/annual-co2-cement?tab=chart\" loading=\"lazy\" style=\"width: 100%; height: 600px; border: 0px none;\"></iframe>\n</div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column\">\n<p>Which countries are the largest CO<sub>2</sub> emitters from cement production?</p>\n\n\n\n<p>This interactive shows annual emissions from cement production by country, over time. </p>\n\n\n\t<block type=\"help\">\n\t\t<content>\n\n<h4>Two tips on how you can interact with this chart</h4>\n\n\n\n<ul><li><strong>Add any other country to this chart:</strong> click on the Add country button to compare with any other country.</li><li><strong>View this data on a world map: </strong>switch to a global map of confirmed deaths using the ‘MAP’ tab at the bottom of the chart.</li></ul>\n\n\n\n<p></p>\n\n</content>\n\t</block></div>\n</div>\n\n\n\n<h3><strong>Per capita</strong> CO<sub>2</sub> emissions from cement</h3>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-style-sticky-left\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column\">\n<iframe src=\"https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/per-capita-co2-cement\" loading=\"lazy\" style=\"width: 100%; height: 600px; border: 0px none;\"></iframe>\n</div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column\">\n<p>How do emissions from cement production compare when we adjust for population?</p>\n\n\n\n<p>This interactive chart shows per capita CO<sub>2</sub> emissions from cement production, measured in tonnes per person per year. </p>\n</div>\n</div>\n\n\n\n<h2>Emissions from gas flaring</h2>\n\n\n\n<h3><strong>Annual</strong> CO<sub>2</sub> emissions from gas flaring</h3>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-style-sticky-left\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column\">\n<iframe src=\"https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/annual-co2-flaring?tab=chart\" loading=\"lazy\" style=\"width: 100%; height: 600px; border: 0px none;\"></iframe>\n</div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column\">\n<p>Which countries are the largest CO<sub>2</sub> emitters from gas flaring?</p>\n\n\n\n<p>This interactive shows annual emissions from gas flaring by country, over time. </p>\n\n\n\t<block type=\"help\">\n\t\t<content>\n\n<h4>What is gas flaring?</h4>\n\n\n\n<p>Gas flaring is the burning of natural gas, often on oil or gas extraction sites. </p>\n\n\n\n<p>Gas can be produced as by-product during oil extraction and refining. If there are no on-site uses for the gas, refineries can either inject it back into the ground, let it vent to the atmosphere, or burn (i.e. flare) it. This flaring process produces greenhouse gas emissions.</p>\n\n\n\n<p></p>\n\n</content>\n\t</block>\n\n\n<p></p>\n</div>\n</div>\n\n\n\n<h3><strong>Per capita</strong> CO<sub>2</sub> emissions from gas flaring</h3>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-style-sticky-left\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column\">\n<iframe src=\"https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/per-capita-co2-flaring\" loading=\"lazy\" style=\"width: 100%; height: 600px; border: 0px none;\"></iframe>\n</div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column\">\n<p>How do emissions from gas flaring compare when we adjust for population?</p>\n\n\n\n<p>This interactive chart shows per capita CO<sub>2</sub> emissions from gas flaring, measured in tonnes per person per year. </p>\n</div>\n</div>\n\n\n\n<p></p>\n",
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},
"excerpt": {
"rendered": "Coal, oil, gas or flaring: where do our CO2 emissions come from? How are emissions from these fuels changing over time?",
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},
"date_gmt": "2020-06-23T11:10:04",
"modified": "2021-05-31T15:44:22",
"template": "",
"categories": [],
"menu_order": 126,
"ping_status": "closed",
"authors_name": [
"Hannah Ritchie",
"Max Roser"
],
"modified_gmt": "2021-05-31T14:44:22",
"comment_status": "closed",
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"thumbnail": "/app/uploads/2020/08/CO2-by-source-150x106.png",
"medium_large": "/app/uploads/2020/08/CO2-by-source-768x542.png"
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} |
