posts: 28387
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28387 | Vaccine coverage | untitled-reusable-block-155 | wp_block | publish | <!-- wp:heading {"level":3} --> <h3>Diphtheria, Tetanus, and Pertussis vaccine</h3> <!-- /wp:heading --> <!-- wp:paragraph --> <p>Diphtheria, tetanus, and pertussis are all bacterial diseases and a combination vaccine against all three diseases is commonly used. </p> <!-- /wp:paragraph --> <!-- wp:list --> <ul><li>Diphtheria primarily infects the throat and upper airways and is fatal in 5 – 10% of cases.</li><li>Tetanus is not passed person-to-person but through spores of a bacteria living in soil and animal intestinal tracts. These bacteria enter the body through wounds and release a toxin that affects the nerves, which causes muscle stiffness and spasms.</li><li>Pertussis is a highly contagious disease of the respiratory tract, commonly known as whooping cough. Children who contract pertussis tend to have coughing spells that last four to eight weeks, but the highest fatality is in young infants. Vaccinating health workers and pregnant women is the most effective strategy for preventing disease in infants too young to be vaccinated. </li></ul> <!-- /wp:list --> <!-- wp:paragraph --> <p>The chart shows the progress over time of DTP3 immunization coverage of children around the world. By clicking on any country you can see the change in that country over time.</p> <!-- /wp:paragraph --> <!-- wp:paragraph --> <p>The WHO <a href="https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/share-of-children-immunized-dtp3?tab=chart&country=OWID_WRL">reports</a> in 2017 that 85% of infants worldwide (116.5 million infants) received 3 doses of diphtheria-tetanus-pertussis vaccine (DTP3). Also in 2016 130 countries had reached at least 90% coverage with the DTP3 vaccine.{ref}See the WHO here: <a href="http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs378/en/">http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs378/en/</a>{/ref}</p> <!-- /wp:paragraph --> <!-- wp:paragraph --> <p>If we look at <a href="https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/share-of-children-immunized-dtp3?tab=chart&country=East%20Asia%20%26%20Pacific+Europe%20%26%20Central%20Asia+Latin%20America%20%26%20Caribbean+Middle%20East%20%26%20North%20Africa+North%20America+South%20Asia+Sub-Saharan%20Africa">the change over time by world region</a> it is South Asia in particular that stands out. While 85% of one-year-olds today are immunized, that same figure was as low 6% in 1980.</p> <!-- /wp:paragraph --> <!-- wp:paragraph --> <p>Within each country there can be substantial differences in vaccination coverage. The <a href="http://www.who.int/gho/urban_health/services/dpt3_vaccination/en/">WHO reports</a> that in all regions children in the richest 20% of urban households are more likely to get immunized than children from the poorest 20% of households.</p> <!-- /wp:paragraph --> <!-- wp:paragraph --> <p>Some countries lag behind however. Ukraine stands out as having particularly low DTP vaccination rates in 2015 of 23%, falling from 98% in 1999. Ed Holt writing for the Lancet in 2013 attributed the decline to: "A combination of public mistrust in vaccinations, poor vaccine supply, and corruption in the health system".{ref}Holt, Ed., Ukraine at risk of polio outbreak, The Lancet , Volume 381 , Issue 9885 , 2244 <a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23819156">here</a>{/ref} Therefore Ukraine is suffering from a combination of factors effecting vaccination rates from public attitudes and systemic delivery problems. Furthermore, the unrest since 2014 and Russian military intervention is likely to have worsened matters. Today only Equatorial Guinea reports even lower rates at 16%. As <a href="https://www.hrw.org/world-report/2015/country-chapters/equatorial-guinea">Human Rights Watch observes</a>, very little of the country's wealth is being directed towards the needs of citizens.</p> <!-- /wp:paragraph --> <!-- wp:paragraph --> <p>The number of under-vaccinated children in Nigeria remains high, with <a href="http://www.gavi.org/library/news/statements/2017/vaccine-progress-in-developing-countries-in-danger-of-stalling/">3.4 million children going without the DTP3 vaccine (compared with 2.9 million in India</a>).</p> <!-- /wp:paragraph --> <!-- wp:html --> <iframe style="width: 100%; height: 600px; border: 0px none;" src="https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/share-of-children-immunized-dtp3" width="300" height="150"></iframe> <!-- /wp:html --> <!-- wp:heading {"level":3} --> <h3>Measles vaccine</h3> <!-- /wp:heading --> <!-- wp:paragraph --> <p>Measles is a highly contagious virus-caused disease that, despite a safe and effective vaccine being available, infects thousands of people globally. Around 90,000 people die because of measles every year, the huge majority of whom (87%) are children younger than 5. Measles vaccination has resulted in an 84% drop in measles deaths between 2000-2016.{ref}Figures are updated by the WHO here: http://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/measles{/ref}</p> <!-- /wp:paragraph --> <!-- wp:paragraph --> <p>The world map shows the share of children vaccinated with the first dose of measles vaccine.</p> <!-- /wp:paragraph --> <!-- wp:paragraph --> <p>You can switch to the 'chart' view to see the global coverage against vaccines. The measles vaccine was developed in 1963. In 1983 – the first year for which global data is available – only every second child was vaccinated against measles. In the latest data this share has increased to 85% globally up from 72% in 2000.{ref}See the WHO here: <a href="http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs286/en/">http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs286/en/</a>{/ref}</p> <!-- /wp:paragraph --> <!-- wp:paragraph --> <p>The sub-Saharan African region achieves the lowest measles vaccination rates, along with conflict-ridden and unstable countries (e.g. Syria, Afghanistan, and Iraq). But also some of the Pacific Islands – such as Papua New Guinea and Vanuatu – are performing poorly.</p> <!-- /wp:paragraph --> <!-- wp:paragraph --> <p>Today (data from 2014) 114.3 million children are vaccinated against measles every year, which is on average 313,071 children every single day.{ref}In 2014 there were <a href="https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/number-of-one-year-olds">135.2 million one-year olds</a>. Of these <a href="https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/share-of-children-vaccinated-against-measles?tab=chart">84.52% received the vaccine against measles</a>.<br> This means that 135.2 *0.8452 = 114.27 million children were vaccinated.{/ref}</p> <!-- /wp:paragraph --> <!-- wp:html --> <iframe style="width: 100%; height: 600px; border: 0px none;" src="https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/share-of-children-vaccinated-against-measles" width="300" height="150"></iframe> <!-- /wp:html --> <!-- wp:heading {"level":4} --> <h4>Second dose of measles vaccine provides greater protection</h4> <!-- /wp:heading --> <!-- wp:paragraph --> <p>As of 2018, the WHO estimate that 171 countries had included a second dose as part of routine immunization. Two doses are needed for a higher level of protection.{ref}Gaston De Serres, Jill Sciberras, Monika Naus, Nicole Boulianne, Bernard Duval, and Louis Rochette (1999) – Protection after Two Doses of Measles Vaccine Is Independent of Interval between Doses. In The Journal of Infectious Diseases, Volume 180, Issue 1, 1 July 1999, Pages 187–190, <a href="https://doi.org/10.1086/314847">https://doi.org/10.1086/314847</a> Online here: <a href="https://academic.oup.com/jid/article/180/1/187/990623">https://academic.oup.com/jid/article/180/1/187/990623</a>.{/ref}</p> <!-- /wp:paragraph --> <!-- wp:paragraph --> <p>The map here shows the coverage of the second dose (MCV2) of the measles vaccine. The current global average is 67%. The coverage is lowest in South Africa and many countries in Sub-Saharan Africa still have not introduced the vaccine into their immunization coverage.{ref}For guidelines on recommendations for the second dose of measles vaccine see here <a href="https://www.who.int/immunization/sage/meetings/2016/october/Session6-MCV2-Introduction-criteria.pdf">https://www.who.int/immunization/sage/meetings/2016/october/Session6-MCV2-Introduction-criteria.pdf</a>{/ref} </p> <!-- /wp:paragraph --> <!-- wp:paragraph --> <p><a href="https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/share-of-children-vaccinated-against-measles-vs-share-vaccinated-against-dpt3">This scatterplot</a> compares the vaccination coverage against measles with the coverage against DTP3.</p> <!-- /wp:paragraph --> <!-- wp:html --> <iframe src="https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/share-of-children-vaccinated-with-mcv2" style="width: 100%; height: 600px; border: 0px none;"></iframe> <!-- /wp:html --> <!-- wp:heading {"level":4} --> <h4>Global decline of measles</h4> <!-- /wp:heading --> <!-- wp:paragraph --> <p>The second visualization shows the discussed increase of the global vaccination coverage of one-year-olds and the simultaneous decline of reported cases of the disease; from close to 1,000 cases per million people globally to 28 cases per million. This represents a 33-fold reduction.</p> <!-- /wp:paragraph --> <!-- wp:paragraph --> <p>For country by country change over time see <a href="https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/reported-cases-of-measles">this visualization</a>.</p> <!-- /wp:paragraph --> <!-- wp:html --> <figure><iframe style="width: 100%; height: 600px; border: 0px none;" src="https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/measles-vaccine-coverage-worldwide-vs-measles-cases-worldwide" width="300" height="150"></iframe></figure> <!-- /wp:html --> | { "id": "wp-28387", "slug": "untitled-reusable-block-155", "content": { "toc": [], "body": [ { "text": [ { "text": "Diphtheria, Tetanus, and Pertussis vaccine", "spanType": "span-simple-text" } ], "type": "heading", "level": 2, "parseErrors": [] }, { "type": "text", "value": [ { "text": "Diphtheria, tetanus, and pertussis are all bacterial diseases and a combination vaccine against all three diseases is commonly used. ", "spanType": "span-simple-text" } ], "parseErrors": [] }, { "type": "list", "items": [ { "type": "text", "value": [ { "text": "Diphtheria primarily infects the throat and upper airways and is fatal in 5 \u2013 10% of cases.", "spanType": "span-simple-text" } ], "parseErrors": [] }, { "type": "text", "value": [ { "text": "Tetanus is not passed person-to-person but through spores of a bacteria living in soil and animal intestinal tracts. These bacteria enter the body through wounds and release a toxin that affects the nerves, which causes muscle stiffness and spasms.", "spanType": "span-simple-text" } ], "parseErrors": [] }, { "type": "text", "value": [ { "text": "Pertussis is a highly contagious disease of the respiratory tract, commonly known as whooping cough. Children who contract pertussis tend to have coughing spells that last four to eight weeks, but the highest fatality is in young infants.\u00a0Vaccinating health workers and pregnant women is the most effective strategy for preventing disease in infants too young to be vaccinated. ", "spanType": "span-simple-text" } ], "parseErrors": [] } ], "parseErrors": [] }, { "type": "text", "value": [ { "text": "The chart shows the progress over time of DTP3 immunization coverage of children around the world.\u00a0By clicking on any country you can see the change in that country over time.", "spanType": "span-simple-text" } ], "parseErrors": [] }, { "type": "text", "value": [ { "text": "The WHO ", "spanType": "span-simple-text" }, { "url": "https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/share-of-children-immunized-dtp3?tab=chart&country=OWID_WRL", "children": [ { "text": "reports", "spanType": "span-simple-text" } ], "spanType": "span-link" }, { "text": " in 2017 that 85% of infants worldwide (116.5 million infants) received 3 doses of diphtheria-tetanus-pertussis\u00a0vaccine (DTP3). Also in 2016 130 countries had reached at least 90% coverage with the DTP3 vaccine.{ref}See the WHO here: ", "spanType": "span-simple-text" }, { "url": "http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs378/en/", "children": [ { "text": "http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs378/en/", "spanType": "span-simple-text" } ], "spanType": "span-link" }, { "text": "{/ref}", "spanType": "span-simple-text" } ], "parseErrors": [] }, { "type": "text", "value": [ { "text": "If we look at ", "spanType": "span-simple-text" }, { "url": "https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/share-of-children-immunized-dtp3?tab=chart&country=East%20Asia%20%26%20Pacific+Europe%20%26%20Central%20Asia+Latin%20America%20%26%20Caribbean+Middle%20East%20%26%20North%20Africa+North%20America+South%20Asia+Sub-Saharan%20Africa", "children": [ { "text": "the change over time by world region", "spanType": "span-simple-text" } ], "spanType": "span-link" }, { "text": "\u00a0it is South Asia in particular that stands out. While 85% of one-year-olds today are immunized, that same figure was as low 6% in 1980.", "spanType": "span-simple-text" } ], "parseErrors": [] }, { "type": "text", "value": [ { "text": "Within each country there can be substantial differences in vaccination coverage.\u00a0The ", "spanType": "span-simple-text" }, { "url": "http://www.who.int/gho/urban_health/services/dpt3_vaccination/en/", "children": [ { "text": "WHO reports", "spanType": "span-simple-text" } ], "spanType": "span-link" }, { "text": " that in all regions children in the richest 20% of urban households are more likely to get immunized than children from the poorest 20% of households.", "spanType": "span-simple-text" } ], "parseErrors": [] }, { "type": "text", "value": [ { "text": "Some countries lag behind however. Ukraine stands out as having particularly low DTP vaccination rates in 2015 of 23%, falling from 98% in 1999. Ed Holt writing for the Lancet in 2013 attributed the decline to: \"A combination of public mistrust in vaccinations, poor vaccine supply, and corruption in the health system\".{ref}Holt, Ed., Ukraine at risk of polio outbreak, The Lancet , Volume 381 , Issue 9885 , 2244 ", "spanType": "span-simple-text" }, { "url": "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23819156", "children": [ { "text": "here", "spanType": "span-simple-text" } ], "spanType": "span-link" }, { "text": "{/ref} Therefore Ukraine is suffering from a combination of factors effecting vaccination rates from public attitudes and systemic delivery problems. Furthermore, the unrest since 2014 and Russian military intervention is likely to have worsened matters. Today only Equatorial Guinea reports even lower rates at 16%. As ", "spanType": "span-simple-text" }, { "url": "https://www.hrw.org/world-report/2015/country-chapters/equatorial-guinea", "children": [ { "text": "Human Rights Watch observes", "spanType": "span-simple-text" } ], "spanType": "span-link" }, { "text": ", very little of the country's wealth is being directed towards the needs of citizens.", "spanType": "span-simple-text" } ], "parseErrors": [] }, { "type": "text", "value": [ { "text": "The number of under-vaccinated children in Nigeria remains high, with ", "spanType": "span-simple-text" }, { "url": "http://www.gavi.org/library/news/statements/2017/vaccine-progress-in-developing-countries-in-danger-of-stalling/", "children": [ { "text": "3.4 million children going without the DTP3 vaccine (compared with 2.9 million in India", "spanType": "span-simple-text" } ], "spanType": "span-link" }, { "text": ").", "spanType": "span-simple-text" } ], "parseErrors": [] }, { "url": "https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/share-of-children-immunized-dtp3", "type": "chart", "parseErrors": [] }, { "text": [ { "text": "Measles vaccine", "spanType": "span-simple-text" } ], "type": "heading", "level": 2, "parseErrors": [] }, { "type": "text", "value": [ { "text": "Measles is a\u00a0highly contagious virus-caused disease that, despite a safe and effective vaccine being available, infects thousands of people globally. Around 90,000 people die because of measles every year, the huge majority of whom (87%) are children younger than 5. Measles vaccination has resulted in an 84% drop in measles deaths between 2000-2016.{ref}Figures are updated by the WHO here: http://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/measles{/ref}", "spanType": "span-simple-text" } ], "parseErrors": [] }, { "type": "text", "value": [ { "text": "The world map shows the share of children vaccinated with the first dose of measles vaccine.", "spanType": "span-simple-text" } ], "parseErrors": [] }, { "type": "text", "value": [ { "text": "You can switch to the 'chart' view to see the global coverage against vaccines. The measles vaccine was developed in 1963. In 1983 \u2013 the first year for which global data is available \u2013 only every second child was vaccinated against measles. In the latest data this share has increased to 85% globally up from 72% in 2000.{ref}See the WHO here: ", "spanType": "span-simple-text" }, { "url": "http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs286/en/", "children": [ { "text": "http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs286/en/", "spanType": "span-simple-text" } ], "spanType": "span-link" }, { "text": "{/ref}", "spanType": "span-simple-text" } ], "parseErrors": [] }, { "type": "text", "value": [ { "text": "The sub-Saharan African region achieves the lowest measles vaccination rates, along with conflict-ridden and unstable countries (e.g. Syria, Afghanistan, and Iraq). But also some of the Pacific Islands \u2013 such as Papua New Guinea and Vanuatu \u2013 are performing poorly.", "spanType": "span-simple-text" } ], "parseErrors": [] }, { "type": "text", "value": [ { "text": "Today (data from 2014) 114.3 million children are vaccinated against measles every year, which is on average 313,071 children every single day.{ref}In 2014 there were ", "spanType": "span-simple-text" }, { "url": "https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/number-of-one-year-olds", "children": [ { "text": "135.2 million one-year olds", "spanType": "span-simple-text" } ], "spanType": "span-link" }, { "text": ". Of these ", "spanType": "span-simple-text" }, { "url": "https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/share-of-children-vaccinated-against-measles?tab=chart", "children": [ { "text": "84.52% received the vaccine against measles", "spanType": "span-simple-text" } ], "spanType": "span-link" }, { "text": ".", "spanType": "span-simple-text" }, { "spanType": "span-newline" }, { "text": " This means that 135.2 *0.8452 =\u00a0114.27 million children were vaccinated.{/ref}", "spanType": "span-simple-text" } ], "parseErrors": [] }, { "url": "https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/share-of-children-vaccinated-against-measles", "type": "chart", "parseErrors": [] }, { "text": [ { "text": "Second dose of measles vaccine provides greater protection", "spanType": "span-simple-text" } ], "type": "heading", "level": 3, "parseErrors": [] }, { "type": "text", "value": [ { "text": "As of 2018, the WHO estimate that 171 countries had included a second dose as part of routine immunization. Two doses are needed for a higher level of protection.{ref}Gaston De Serres, Jill Sciberras, Monika Naus, Nicole Boulianne, Bernard Duval, and Louis Rochette (1999) \u2013\u00a0Protection after Two Doses of Measles Vaccine Is Independent of Interval between Doses. In The Journal of Infectious Diseases, Volume 180, Issue 1, 1 July 1999, Pages 187\u2013190, ", "spanType": "span-simple-text" }, { "url": "https://doi.org/10.1086/314847", "children": [ { "text": "https://doi.org/10.1086/314847", "spanType": "span-simple-text" } ], "spanType": "span-link" }, { "text": " Online here: ", "spanType": "span-simple-text" }, { "url": "https://academic.oup.com/jid/article/180/1/187/990623", "children": [ { "text": "https://academic.oup.com/jid/article/180/1/187/990623", "spanType": "span-simple-text" } ], "spanType": "span-link" }, { "text": ".{/ref}", "spanType": "span-simple-text" } ], "parseErrors": [] }, { "type": "text", "value": [ { "text": "The map here shows the coverage of the second dose (MCV2) of the measles vaccine. The current global average is 67%. The coverage is lowest in South Africa and many countries in Sub-Saharan Africa still have not introduced the vaccine into their immunization coverage.{ref}For guidelines on recommendations for the second dose of measles vaccine see here ", "spanType": "span-simple-text" }, { "url": "https://www.who.int/immunization/sage/meetings/2016/october/Session6-MCV2-Introduction-criteria.pdf", "children": [ { "text": "https://www.who.int/immunization/sage/meetings/2016/october/Session6-MCV2-Introduction-criteria.pdf", "spanType": "span-simple-text" } ], "spanType": "span-link" }, { "text": "{/ref} ", "spanType": "span-simple-text" } ], "parseErrors": [] }, { "type": "text", "value": [ { "url": "https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/share-of-children-vaccinated-against-measles-vs-share-vaccinated-against-dpt3", "children": [ { "text": "This scatterplot", "spanType": "span-simple-text" } ], "spanType": "span-link" }, { "text": " compares the vaccination coverage against measles with the coverage against DTP3.", "spanType": "span-simple-text" } ], "parseErrors": [] }, { "url": "https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/share-of-children-vaccinated-with-mcv2", "type": "chart", "parseErrors": [] }, { "text": [ { "text": "Global decline of measles", "spanType": "span-simple-text" } ], "type": "heading", "level": 3, "parseErrors": [] }, { "type": "text", "value": [ { "text": "The second visualization shows the discussed increase of the global vaccination coverage of one-year-olds and the simultaneous decline of reported cases of the disease; from close to 1,000 cases per million people globally to 28 cases per million. This represents a 33-fold reduction.", "spanType": "span-simple-text" } ], "parseErrors": [] }, { "type": "text", "value": [ { "text": "For country by country change over time see ", "spanType": "span-simple-text" }, { "url": "https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/reported-cases-of-measles", "children": [ { "text": "this visualization", "spanType": "span-simple-text" } ], "spanType": "span-link" }, { "text": ".", "spanType": "span-simple-text" } ], "parseErrors": [] }, { "url": "https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/measles-vaccine-coverage-worldwide-vs-measles-cases-worldwide", "type": "chart", "parseErrors": [] } ], "type": "article", "title": "Vaccine coverage", "authors": [ null ], "dateline": "November 25, 2019", "sidebar-toc": false, "featured-image": "" }, "createdAt": "2019-11-25T14:14:32.000Z", "published": false, "updatedAt": "2020-04-30T14:00:12.000Z", "revisionId": null, "publishedAt": "2019-11-25T14:14:26.000Z", "relatedCharts": [], "publicationContext": "listed" } |
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2019-11-25 14:14:26 | 2024-02-16 14:22:59 | [ null ] |
2019-11-25 14:14:32 | 2020-04-30 14:00:12 | {} |
## Diphtheria, Tetanus, and Pertussis vaccine Diphtheria, tetanus, and pertussis are all bacterial diseases and a combination vaccine against all three diseases is commonly used. * Diphtheria primarily infects the throat and upper airways and is fatal in 5 – 10% of cases. * Tetanus is not passed person-to-person but through spores of a bacteria living in soil and animal intestinal tracts. These bacteria enter the body through wounds and release a toxin that affects the nerves, which causes muscle stiffness and spasms. * Pertussis is a highly contagious disease of the respiratory tract, commonly known as whooping cough. Children who contract pertussis tend to have coughing spells that last four to eight weeks, but the highest fatality is in young infants. Vaccinating health workers and pregnant women is the most effective strategy for preventing disease in infants too young to be vaccinated. The chart shows the progress over time of DTP3 immunization coverage of children around the world. By clicking on any country you can see the change in that country over time. The WHO [reports](https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/share-of-children-immunized-dtp3?tab=chart&country=OWID_WRL) in 2017 that 85% of infants worldwide (116.5 million infants) received 3 doses of diphtheria-tetanus-pertussis vaccine (DTP3). Also in 2016 130 countries had reached at least 90% coverage with the DTP3 vaccine.{ref}See the WHO here: [http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs378/en/](http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs378/en/){/ref} If we look at [the change over time by world region](https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/share-of-children-immunized-dtp3?tab=chart&country=East%20Asia%20%26%20Pacific+Europe%20%26%20Central%20Asia+Latin%20America%20%26%20Caribbean+Middle%20East%20%26%20North%20Africa+North%20America+South%20Asia+Sub-Saharan%20Africa) it is South Asia in particular that stands out. While 85% of one-year-olds today are immunized, that same figure was as low 6% in 1980. Within each country there can be substantial differences in vaccination coverage. The [WHO reports](http://www.who.int/gho/urban_health/services/dpt3_vaccination/en/) that in all regions children in the richest 20% of urban households are more likely to get immunized than children from the poorest 20% of households. Some countries lag behind however. Ukraine stands out as having particularly low DTP vaccination rates in 2015 of 23%, falling from 98% in 1999. Ed Holt writing for the Lancet in 2013 attributed the decline to: "A combination of public mistrust in vaccinations, poor vaccine supply, and corruption in the health system".{ref}Holt, Ed., Ukraine at risk of polio outbreak, The Lancet , Volume 381 , Issue 9885 , 2244 [here](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23819156){/ref} Therefore Ukraine is suffering from a combination of factors effecting vaccination rates from public attitudes and systemic delivery problems. Furthermore, the unrest since 2014 and Russian military intervention is likely to have worsened matters. Today only Equatorial Guinea reports even lower rates at 16%. As [Human Rights Watch observes](https://www.hrw.org/world-report/2015/country-chapters/equatorial-guinea), very little of the country's wealth is being directed towards the needs of citizens. The number of under-vaccinated children in Nigeria remains high, with [3.4 million children going without the DTP3 vaccine (compared with 2.9 million in India](http://www.gavi.org/library/news/statements/2017/vaccine-progress-in-developing-countries-in-danger-of-stalling/)). <Chart url="https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/share-of-children-immunized-dtp3"/> ## Measles vaccine Measles is a highly contagious virus-caused disease that, despite a safe and effective vaccine being available, infects thousands of people globally. Around 90,000 people die because of measles every year, the huge majority of whom (87%) are children younger than 5. Measles vaccination has resulted in an 84% drop in measles deaths between 2000-2016.{ref}Figures are updated by the WHO here: http://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/measles{/ref} The world map shows the share of children vaccinated with the first dose of measles vaccine. You can switch to the 'chart' view to see the global coverage against vaccines. The measles vaccine was developed in 1963. In 1983 – the first year for which global data is available – only every second child was vaccinated against measles. In the latest data this share has increased to 85% globally up from 72% in 2000.{ref}See the WHO here: [http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs286/en/](http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs286/en/){/ref} The sub-Saharan African region achieves the lowest measles vaccination rates, along with conflict-ridden and unstable countries (e.g. Syria, Afghanistan, and Iraq). But also some of the Pacific Islands – such as Papua New Guinea and Vanuatu – are performing poorly. Today (data from 2014) 114.3 million children are vaccinated against measles every year, which is on average 313,071 children every single day.{ref}In 2014 there were [135.2 million one-year olds](https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/number-of-one-year-olds). Of these [84.52% received the vaccine against measles](https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/share-of-children-vaccinated-against-measles?tab=chart). This means that 135.2 *0.8452 = 114.27 million children were vaccinated.{/ref} <Chart url="https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/share-of-children-vaccinated-against-measles"/> ### Second dose of measles vaccine provides greater protection As of 2018, the WHO estimate that 171 countries had included a second dose as part of routine immunization. Two doses are needed for a higher level of protection.{ref}Gaston De Serres, Jill Sciberras, Monika Naus, Nicole Boulianne, Bernard Duval, and Louis Rochette (1999) – Protection after Two Doses of Measles Vaccine Is Independent of Interval between Doses. In The Journal of Infectious Diseases, Volume 180, Issue 1, 1 July 1999, Pages 187–190, [https://doi.org/10.1086/314847](https://doi.org/10.1086/314847) Online here: [https://academic.oup.com/jid/article/180/1/187/990623](https://academic.oup.com/jid/article/180/1/187/990623).{/ref} The map here shows the coverage of the second dose (MCV2) of the measles vaccine. The current global average is 67%. The coverage is lowest in South Africa and many countries in Sub-Saharan Africa still have not introduced the vaccine into their immunization coverage.{ref}For guidelines on recommendations for the second dose of measles vaccine see here [https://www.who.int/immunization/sage/meetings/2016/october/Session6-MCV2-Introduction-criteria.pdf](https://www.who.int/immunization/sage/meetings/2016/october/Session6-MCV2-Introduction-criteria.pdf){/ref} [This scatterplot](https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/share-of-children-vaccinated-against-measles-vs-share-vaccinated-against-dpt3) compares the vaccination coverage against measles with the coverage against DTP3. <Chart url="https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/share-of-children-vaccinated-with-mcv2"/> ### Global decline of measles The second visualization shows the discussed increase of the global vaccination coverage of one-year-olds and the simultaneous decline of reported cases of the disease; from close to 1,000 cases per million people globally to 28 cases per million. This represents a 33-fold reduction. For country by country change over time see [this visualization](https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/reported-cases-of-measles). <Chart url="https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/measles-vaccine-coverage-worldwide-vs-measles-cases-worldwide"/> | { "data": { "wpBlock": { "content": "\n<h3>Diphtheria, Tetanus, and Pertussis vaccine</h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Diphtheria, tetanus, and pertussis are all bacterial diseases and a combination vaccine against all three diseases is commonly used. </p>\n\n\n\n<ul><li>Diphtheria primarily infects the throat and upper airways and is fatal in 5 \u2013 10% of cases.</li><li>Tetanus is not passed person-to-person but through spores of a bacteria living in soil and animal intestinal tracts. These bacteria enter the body through wounds and release a toxin that affects the nerves, which causes muscle stiffness and spasms.</li><li>Pertussis is a highly contagious disease of the respiratory tract, commonly known as whooping cough. Children who contract pertussis tend to have coughing spells that last four to eight weeks, but the highest fatality is in young infants. Vaccinating health workers and pregnant women is the most effective strategy for preventing disease in infants too young to be vaccinated. </li></ul>\n\n\n\n<p>The chart shows the progress over time of DTP3 immunization coverage of children around the world. By clicking on any country you can see the change in that country over time.</p>\n\n\n\n<p>The WHO <a href=\"https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/share-of-children-immunized-dtp3?tab=chart&country=OWID_WRL\">reports</a> in 2017 that 85% of infants worldwide (116.5 million infants) received 3 doses of diphtheria-tetanus-pertussis vaccine (DTP3). Also in 2016 130 countries had reached at least 90% coverage with the DTP3 vaccine.{ref}See the WHO here: <a href=\"http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs378/en/\">http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs378/en/</a>{/ref}</p>\n\n\n\n<p>If we look at <a href=\"https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/share-of-children-immunized-dtp3?tab=chart&country=East%20Asia%20%26%20Pacific+Europe%20%26%20Central%20Asia+Latin%20America%20%26%20Caribbean+Middle%20East%20%26%20North%20Africa+North%20America+South%20Asia+Sub-Saharan%20Africa\">the change over time by world region</a> it is South Asia in particular that stands out. While 85% of one-year-olds today are immunized, that same figure was as low 6% in 1980.</p>\n\n\n\n<p>Within each country there can be substantial differences in vaccination coverage. The <a href=\"http://www.who.int/gho/urban_health/services/dpt3_vaccination/en/\">WHO reports</a> that in all regions children in the richest 20% of urban households are more likely to get immunized than children from the poorest 20% of households.</p>\n\n\n\n<p>Some countries lag behind however. Ukraine stands out as having particularly low DTP vaccination rates in 2015 of 23%, falling from 98% in 1999. Ed Holt writing for the Lancet in 2013 attributed the decline to: “A combination of public mistrust in vaccinations, poor vaccine supply, and corruption in the health system”.{ref}Holt, Ed., Ukraine at risk of polio outbreak, The Lancet , Volume 381 , Issue 9885 , 2244 <a href=\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23819156\">here</a>{/ref} Therefore Ukraine is suffering from a combination of factors effecting vaccination rates from public attitudes and systemic delivery problems. Furthermore, the unrest since 2014 and Russian military intervention is likely to have worsened matters. Today only Equatorial Guinea reports even lower rates at 16%. As <a href=\"https://www.hrw.org/world-report/2015/country-chapters/equatorial-guinea\">Human Rights Watch observes</a>, very little of the country’s wealth is being directed towards the needs of citizens.</p>\n\n\n\n<p>The number of under-vaccinated children in Nigeria remains high, with <a href=\"http://www.gavi.org/library/news/statements/2017/vaccine-progress-in-developing-countries-in-danger-of-stalling/\">3.4 million children going without the DTP3 vaccine (compared with 2.9 million in India</a>).</p>\n\n\n\n<iframe loading=\"lazy\" style=\"width: 100%; height: 600px; border: 0px none;\" src=\"https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/share-of-children-immunized-dtp3\" width=\"300\" height=\"150\"></iframe>\n\n\n\n<h3>Measles vaccine</h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Measles is a highly contagious virus-caused disease that, despite a safe and effective vaccine being available, infects thousands of people globally. Around 90,000 people die because of measles every year, the huge majority of whom (87%) are children younger than 5. Measles vaccination has resulted in an 84% drop in measles deaths between 2000-2016.{ref}Figures are updated by the WHO here: http://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/measles{/ref}</p>\n\n\n\n<p>The world map shows the share of children vaccinated with the first dose of measles vaccine.</p>\n\n\n\n<p>You can switch to the ‘chart’ view to see the global coverage against vaccines. The measles vaccine was developed in 1963. In 1983 \u2013 the first year for which global data is available \u2013 only every second child was vaccinated against measles. In the latest data this share has increased to 85% globally up from 72% in 2000.{ref}See the WHO here: <a href=\"http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs286/en/\">http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs286/en/</a>{/ref}</p>\n\n\n\n<p>The sub-Saharan African region achieves the lowest measles vaccination rates, along with conflict-ridden and unstable countries (e.g. Syria, Afghanistan, and Iraq). But also some of the Pacific Islands \u2013 such as Papua New Guinea and Vanuatu \u2013 are performing poorly.</p>\n\n\n\n<p>Today (data from 2014) 114.3 million children are vaccinated against measles every year, which is on average 313,071 children every single day.{ref}In 2014 there were <a href=\"https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/number-of-one-year-olds\">135.2 million one-year olds</a>. Of these <a href=\"https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/share-of-children-vaccinated-against-measles?tab=chart\">84.52% received the vaccine against measles</a>.<br> This means that 135.2 *0.8452 = 114.27 million children were vaccinated.{/ref}</p>\n\n\n\n<iframe loading=\"lazy\" style=\"width: 100%; height: 600px; border: 0px none;\" src=\"https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/share-of-children-vaccinated-against-measles\" width=\"300\" height=\"150\"></iframe>\n\n\n\n<h4>Second dose of measles vaccine provides greater protection</h4>\n\n\n\n<p>As of 2018, the WHO estimate that 171 countries had included a second dose as part of routine immunization. Two doses are needed for a higher level of protection.{ref}Gaston De Serres, Jill Sciberras, Monika Naus, Nicole Boulianne, Bernard Duval, and Louis Rochette (1999) \u2013 Protection after Two Doses of Measles Vaccine Is Independent of Interval between Doses. In The Journal of Infectious Diseases, Volume 180, Issue 1, 1 July 1999, Pages 187\u2013190, <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1086/314847\">https://doi.org/10.1086/314847</a> Online here: <a href=\"https://academic.oup.com/jid/article/180/1/187/990623\">https://academic.oup.com/jid/article/180/1/187/990623</a>.{/ref}</p>\n\n\n\n<p>The map here shows the coverage of the second dose (MCV2) of the measles vaccine. The current global average is 67%. The coverage is lowest in South Africa and many countries in Sub-Saharan Africa still have not introduced the vaccine into their immunization coverage.{ref}For guidelines on recommendations for the second dose of measles vaccine see here <a href=\"https://www.who.int/immunization/sage/meetings/2016/october/Session6-MCV2-Introduction-criteria.pdf\">https://www.who.int/immunization/sage/meetings/2016/october/Session6-MCV2-Introduction-criteria.pdf</a>{/ref} </p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/share-of-children-vaccinated-against-measles-vs-share-vaccinated-against-dpt3\">This scatterplot</a> compares the vaccination coverage against measles with the coverage against DTP3.</p>\n\n\n\n<iframe src=\"https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/share-of-children-vaccinated-with-mcv2\" style=\"width: 100%; height: 600px; border: 0px none;\"></iframe>\n\n\n\n<h4>Global decline of measles</h4>\n\n\n\n<p>The second visualization shows the discussed increase of the global vaccination coverage of one-year-olds and the simultaneous decline of reported cases of the disease; from close to 1,000 cases per million people globally to 28 cases per million. This represents a 33-fold reduction.</p>\n\n\n\n<p>For country by country change over time see <a href=\"https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/reported-cases-of-measles\">this visualization</a>.</p>\n\n\n\n<figure><iframe loading=\"lazy\" style=\"width: 100%; height: 600px; border: 0px none;\" src=\"https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/measles-vaccine-coverage-worldwide-vs-measles-cases-worldwide\" width=\"300\" height=\"150\"></iframe></figure>\n" } }, "extensions": { "debug": [ { "type": "DEBUG_LOGS_INACTIVE", "message": "GraphQL Debug logging is not active. To see debug logs, GRAPHQL_DEBUG must be enabled." } ] } } |