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| 24865 | Major causes of child mortality: cause details | untitled-reusable-block-28 | wp_block | publish | <!-- wp:heading {"level":4} --> <h4>15% of all child deaths in 2017 – Pneumonia and other lower respiratory diseases</h4> <!-- /wp:heading --> <!-- wp:paragraph --> <p>Almost every seventh child who died in 2017 died of a lower respiratory infection (LRI), which has remained the leading cause of mortality over the past three decades. Pneumonia is the leading LRI. It is caused primarily by bacterial infections.{ref}Troeger, Christopher, et al. "Estimates of the global, regional, and national morbidity, mortality, and aetiologies of lower respiratory infections in 195 countries, 1990–2016: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2016." <em>The Lancet Infectious Diseases</em> 18.11 (2018): 1191-1210.{/ref}</p> <!-- /wp:paragraph --> <!-- wp:heading {"level":4} --> <h4>12% of deaths – Preterm births and neonatal disorders</h4> <!-- /wp:heading --> <!-- wp:paragraph --> <p>When we talk about child mortality we usually refer to mortality of children under the age of 5. But of all children who die, most do not come close to their fifth birthday: the younger a child is, the higher the risk of mortality. Three times as many children die in the first year of their lives than in the next four years. And the majority of children who die in their first year <a href="https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/child-deaths-by-life-stage">die in the neonatal period</a>, the first 27 days after birth.</p> <!-- /wp:paragraph --> <!-- wp:paragraph --> <p>Premature birth (being born before the 37th week of gestation) is one of the major determinants of neonatal mortality and therefore complications arising from preterm birth are usually grouped with the neonatal disorders, as we did in our chart.{ref}Liu, Li, et al. "Global, regional, and national causes of under-5 mortality in 2000–15: an updated systematic analysis with implications for the Sustainable Development Goals." <em>The Lancet</em> 388.10063 (2016): 3027-3035.{/ref}</p> <!-- /wp:paragraph --> <!-- wp:paragraph --> <p> Children born prematurely are at high risk of having birth injuries, underdeveloped organ failures, and attracting infectious diseases.{ref}Kim, Hyun Joo, et al. "Measuring the Burden of Disease Due to Preterm Birth Complications in Korea Using Disability-Adjusted Life Years (DALY)." <em>International journal of environmental research and public health</em> 16.3 (2019): 519.{/ref}</p> <!-- /wp:paragraph --> <!-- wp:heading {"level":4} --> <h4>10% of deaths – Diarrheal diseases</h4> <!-- /wp:heading --> <!-- wp:paragraph --> <p>Every tenth child that died in 2017 died because of some diarrheal disease – rotavirus infection, cholera, shigellosis and other infectious diseases that result in diarrhea. The World Health Organisation (WHO) says that diarrheal diseases are <i>“both treatable and preventable”.</i>{ref}See the WHO here https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/diarrhoeal-disease{/ref}</p> <!-- /wp:paragraph --> <!-- wp:paragraph --> <p>Clearly, the fact that diarrheal diseases are the <a href="https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/causes-of-death-in-under-5s">third leading cause</a> of child mortality is simply inexcusable. As we will discuss in another post in this series, an increased coverage of oral rehydration therapy – an incredibly simple treatment for diarrhea – could help to prevent many of these deaths.</p> <!-- /wp:paragraph --> <!-- wp:heading {"level":4} --> <h4>9% of deaths – Congenital defects</h4> <!-- /wp:heading --> <!-- wp:paragraph --> <p>While classed separately from neonatal disorders, congenital birth defects are significant contributors to infant mortality as well.{ref}See the WHO here https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/congenital-anomalies{/ref} Congenital defects are defined as physical or genetic abnormalities present at birth and include neural tube defects, heart defects, Down syndrome, microcephaly and others.</p> <!-- /wp:paragraph --> <!-- wp:heading {"level":4} --> <h4>45% of deaths – Infectious diseases</h4> <!-- /wp:heading --> <!-- wp:paragraph --> <p>Infectious diseases have always been one of the major causes of child deaths, but the success of vaccination campaigns and antibiotic availability <a href="https://ourworldindata.org/vaccine-preventable-diseases">has done a great deal</a> to reduce mortality from infectious diseases. <a href="https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/measles-vaccine-coverage-worldwide-vs-measles-cases-worldwide">Measles vaccination</a> is a perfect example: the number of measles cases has shrunk by 86% since 1990. The WHO has estimated that between 2000 and 2017 measles vaccination has prevented 21.1 million deaths across Africa.{ref}See the WHO here https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/measles{/ref}</p> <!-- /wp:paragraph --> <!-- wp:paragraph --> <p><br>Today we also have vaccines available for tuberculosis, meningitis, hepatitis, and whooping cough. The best way to protect children against <a href="https://owid.cloud/malaria">malaria</a> today is to <a href="https://ourworldindata.org/malaria-net-results"> provide insecticide treated bednets</a>, but a new malaria vaccine implementation program is also underway. {ref}See the WHO here https://www.who.int/malaria/media/malaria-vaccine-overview/en/{/ref}</p> <!-- /wp:paragraph --> | {
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2019-09-23 16:17:48 | 2024-02-16 14:22:56 | [
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2019-09-23 17:18:41 | 2020-04-30 14:00:13 | {} |
## 15% of all child deaths in 2017 – Pneumonia and other lower respiratory diseases Almost every seventh child who died in 2017 died of a lower respiratory infection (LRI), which has remained the leading cause of mortality over the past three decades. Pneumonia is the leading LRI. It is caused primarily by bacterial infections.{ref}Troeger, Christopher, et al. "Estimates of the global, regional, and national morbidity, mortality, and aetiologies of lower respiratory infections in 195 countries, 1990–2016: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2016." _The Lancet Infectious Diseases_ 18.11 (2018): 1191-1210.{/ref} ## 12% of deaths – Preterm births and neonatal disorders When we talk about child mortality we usually refer to mortality of children under the age of 5. But of all children who die, most do not come close to their fifth birthday: the younger a child is, the higher the risk of mortality. Three times as many children die in the first year of their lives than in the next four years. And the majority of children who die in their first year [die in the neonatal period](https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/child-deaths-by-life-stage), the first 27 days after birth. Premature birth (being born before the 37th week of gestation) is one of the major determinants of neonatal mortality and therefore complications arising from preterm birth are usually grouped with the neonatal disorders, as we did in our chart.{ref}Liu, Li, et al. "Global, regional, and national causes of under-5 mortality in 2000–15: an updated systematic analysis with implications for the Sustainable Development Goals." _The Lancet_ 388.10063 (2016): 3027-3035.{/ref} Children born prematurely are at high risk of having birth injuries, underdeveloped organ failures, and attracting infectious diseases.{ref}Kim, Hyun Joo, et al. "Measuring the Burden of Disease Due to Preterm Birth Complications in Korea Using Disability-Adjusted Life Years (DALY)." _International journal of environmental research and public health_ 16.3 (2019): 519.{/ref} ## 10% of deaths – Diarrheal diseases Every tenth child that died in 2017 died because of some diarrheal disease – rotavirus infection, cholera, shigellosis and other infectious diseases that result in diarrhea. The World Health Organisation (WHO) says that diarrheal diseases are _“both treatable and preventable”._{ref}See the WHO here https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/diarrhoeal-disease{/ref} Clearly, the fact that diarrheal diseases are the [third leading cause](https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/causes-of-death-in-under-5s) of child mortality is simply inexcusable. As we will discuss in another post in this series, an increased coverage of oral rehydration therapy – an incredibly simple treatment for diarrhea – could help to prevent many of these deaths. ## 9% of deaths – Congenital defects While classed separately from neonatal disorders, congenital birth defects are significant contributors to infant mortality as well.{ref}See the WHO here https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/congenital-anomalies{/ref} Congenital defects are defined as physical or genetic abnormalities present at birth and include neural tube defects, heart defects, Down syndrome, microcephaly and others. ## 45% of deaths – Infectious diseases Infectious diseases have always been one of the major causes of child deaths, but the success of vaccination campaigns and antibiotic availability [has done a great deal](https://ourworldindata.org/vaccine-preventable-diseases) to reduce mortality from infectious diseases. [Measles vaccination](https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/measles-vaccine-coverage-worldwide-vs-measles-cases-worldwide) is a perfect example: the number of measles cases has shrunk by 86% since 1990. The WHO has estimated that between 2000 and 2017 measles vaccination has prevented 21.1 million deaths across Africa.{ref}See the WHO here https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/measles{/ref} Today we also have vaccines available for tuberculosis, meningitis, hepatitis, and whooping cough. The best way to protect children against [malaria](https://owid.cloud/malaria) today is to [ provide insecticide treated bednets](https://ourworldindata.org/malaria-net-results), but a new malaria vaccine implementation program is also underway. {ref}See the WHO here https://www.who.int/malaria/media/malaria-vaccine-overview/en/{/ref} | {
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