variables

This table contains all the variables of all the datasets we have at Our World In Data. Note that this includes only the information about the variables like name and default display settings, not the data itself.

Data license: CC-BY

42 rows where datasetId = 6129 sorted by id descending

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Suggested facets: unit, description, createdAt, updatedAt, shortUnit, display, createdAt (date), updatedAt (date)

id ▲ name unit description createdAt updatedAt code coverage timespan datasetId sourceId shortUnit display columnOrder originalMetadata grapherConfigAdmin shortName catalogPath dimensions schemaVersion processingLevel processingLog titlePublic titleVariant attributionShort attribution descriptionShort descriptionFromProducer descriptionKey descriptionProcessing licenses license grapherConfigETL type sort dataChecksum metadataChecksum
737545 Wind (%, substituted energy) % Figures are based on gross generation and do not account for cross-border electricity supply. "Input-equivalent" energy is the amount of fuel that would be required by thermal power stations to generate the reported electricity output. 2023-07-17 14:29:58 2023-12-14 12:11:42     1800-2022 Global Primary Energy (Smil & EI, 2023) 6129 Energy Institute Statistical Review of World Energy (2023); Vaclav Smil (2017) 29198 % 
{
    "name": "Wind",
    "unit": "%",
    "shortUnit": "%"
}
 0     wind__pct_of_substituted_energy grapher/energy/2023-07-10/global_primary_energy/global_primary_energy#wind__pct_of_substituted_energy   1                 
[]
   
[
    {
        "url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230626200231/https://www.energyinst.org/__data/assets/pdf_file/0004/1055542/EI_Stat_Review_PDF_single-2.pdf",
        "name": "\u00a9 Energy Institute 2023"
    },
    {
        "url": "https://vaclavsmil.com/2016/12/14/energy-transitions-global-and-national-perspectives-second-expanded-and-updated-edition/",
        "name": "CC BY"
    }
]
            
737544 Wind (%, direct energy) % Figures are based on gross generation and do not account for cross-border electricity supply. 2023-07-17 14:29:57 2023-12-14 12:11:42     1800-2022 Global Primary Energy (Smil & EI, 2023) 6129 Energy Institute Statistical Review of World Energy (2023); Vaclav Smil (2017) 29198 % 
{
    "name": "Wind",
    "unit": "%",
    "shortUnit": "%"
}
 0     wind__pct_of_direct_energy grapher/energy/2023-07-10/global_primary_energy/global_primary_energy#wind__pct_of_direct_energy   1                 
[]
   
[
    {
        "url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230626200231/https://www.energyinst.org/__data/assets/pdf_file/0004/1055542/EI_Stat_Review_PDF_single-2.pdf",
        "name": "\u00a9 Energy Institute 2023"
    },
    {
        "url": "https://vaclavsmil.com/2016/12/14/energy-transitions-global-and-national-perspectives-second-expanded-and-updated-edition/",
        "name": "CC BY"
    }
]
            
737543 Traditional biomass (%, substituted energy) %   2023-07-17 14:29:57 2023-12-14 12:11:41     1800-2022 Global Primary Energy (Smil & EI, 2023) 6129 Energy Institute Statistical Review of World Energy (2023); Vaclav Smil (2017) 29198 % 
{
    "name": "Traditional biomass",
    "unit": "%",
    "shortUnit": "%"
}
 0     traditional_biomass__pct_of_substituted_energy grapher/energy/2023-07-10/global_primary_energy/global_primary_energy#traditional_biomass__pct_of_substituted_energy   1                 
[]
   
[
    {
        "url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230626200231/https://www.energyinst.org/__data/assets/pdf_file/0004/1055542/EI_Stat_Review_PDF_single-2.pdf",
        "name": "\u00a9 Energy Institute 2023"
    },
    {
        "url": "https://vaclavsmil.com/2016/12/14/energy-transitions-global-and-national-perspectives-second-expanded-and-updated-edition/",
        "name": "CC BY"
    }
]
            
737542 Traditional biomass (%, direct energy) %   2023-07-17 14:29:56 2023-12-14 12:11:41     1800-2022 Global Primary Energy (Smil & EI, 2023) 6129 Energy Institute Statistical Review of World Energy (2023); Vaclav Smil (2017) 29198 % 
{
    "name": "Traditional biomass",
    "unit": "%",
    "shortUnit": "%"
}
 0     traditional_biomass__pct_of_direct_energy grapher/energy/2023-07-10/global_primary_energy/global_primary_energy#traditional_biomass__pct_of_direct_energy   1                 
[]
   
[
    {
        "url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230626200231/https://www.energyinst.org/__data/assets/pdf_file/0004/1055542/EI_Stat_Review_PDF_single-2.pdf",
        "name": "\u00a9 Energy Institute 2023"
    },
    {
        "url": "https://vaclavsmil.com/2016/12/14/energy-transitions-global-and-national-perspectives-second-expanded-and-updated-edition/",
        "name": "CC BY"
    }
]
            
737541 Solar (%, substituted energy) % Figures are based on gross generation and do not account for cross-border electricity supply. "Input-equivalent" energy is the amount of fuel that would be required by thermal power stations to generate the reported electricity output. 2023-07-17 14:29:56 2023-12-14 12:11:41     1800-2022 Global Primary Energy (Smil & EI, 2023) 6129 Energy Institute Statistical Review of World Energy (2023); Vaclav Smil (2017) 29198 % 
{
    "name": "Solar",
    "unit": "%",
    "shortUnit": "%"
}
 0     solar__pct_of_substituted_energy grapher/energy/2023-07-10/global_primary_energy/global_primary_energy#solar__pct_of_substituted_energy   1                 
[]
   
[
    {
        "url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230626200231/https://www.energyinst.org/__data/assets/pdf_file/0004/1055542/EI_Stat_Review_PDF_single-2.pdf",
        "name": "\u00a9 Energy Institute 2023"
    },
    {
        "url": "https://vaclavsmil.com/2016/12/14/energy-transitions-global-and-national-perspectives-second-expanded-and-updated-edition/",
        "name": "CC BY"
    }
]
            
737540 Solar (%, direct energy) % Figures are based on gross generation and do not account for cross-border electricity supply. 2023-07-17 14:29:55 2023-12-14 12:11:41     1800-2022 Global Primary Energy (Smil & EI, 2023) 6129 Energy Institute Statistical Review of World Energy (2023); Vaclav Smil (2017) 29198 % 
{
    "name": "Solar",
    "unit": "%",
    "shortUnit": "%"
}
 0     solar__pct_of_direct_energy grapher/energy/2023-07-10/global_primary_energy/global_primary_energy#solar__pct_of_direct_energy   1                 
[]
   
[
    {
        "url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230626200231/https://www.energyinst.org/__data/assets/pdf_file/0004/1055542/EI_Stat_Review_PDF_single-2.pdf",
        "name": "\u00a9 Energy Institute 2023"
    },
    {
        "url": "https://vaclavsmil.com/2016/12/14/energy-transitions-global-and-national-perspectives-second-expanded-and-updated-edition/",
        "name": "CC BY"
    }
]
            
737539 Other renewables (%, substituted energy) % Figures are based on gross generation and do not account for cross-border electricity supply. "Input-equivalent" energy is the amount of fuel that would be required by thermal power stations to generate the reported electricity output. 2023-07-17 14:29:55 2023-12-14 12:11:41     1800-2022 Global Primary Energy (Smil & EI, 2023) 6129 Energy Institute Statistical Review of World Energy (2023); Vaclav Smil (2017) 29198 % 
{
    "name": "Other renewables",
    "unit": "%",
    "shortUnit": "%"
}
 0     other_renewables__pct_of_substituted_energy grapher/energy/2023-07-10/global_primary_energy/global_primary_energy#other_renewables__pct_of_substituted_energy   1                 
[]
   
[
    {
        "url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230626200231/https://www.energyinst.org/__data/assets/pdf_file/0004/1055542/EI_Stat_Review_PDF_single-2.pdf",
        "name": "\u00a9 Energy Institute 2023"
    },
    {
        "url": "https://vaclavsmil.com/2016/12/14/energy-transitions-global-and-national-perspectives-second-expanded-and-updated-edition/",
        "name": "CC BY"
    }
]
            
737538 Other renewables (%, direct energy) % Figures are based on gross generation and do not account for cross-border electricity supply. 2023-07-17 14:29:54 2023-12-14 12:11:40     1800-2022 Global Primary Energy (Smil & EI, 2023) 6129 Energy Institute Statistical Review of World Energy (2023); Vaclav Smil (2017) 29198 % 
{
    "name": "Other renewables",
    "unit": "%",
    "shortUnit": "%"
}
 0     other_renewables__pct_of_direct_energy grapher/energy/2023-07-10/global_primary_energy/global_primary_energy#other_renewables__pct_of_direct_energy   1                 
[]
   
[
    {
        "url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230626200231/https://www.energyinst.org/__data/assets/pdf_file/0004/1055542/EI_Stat_Review_PDF_single-2.pdf",
        "name": "\u00a9 Energy Institute 2023"
    },
    {
        "url": "https://vaclavsmil.com/2016/12/14/energy-transitions-global-and-national-perspectives-second-expanded-and-updated-edition/",
        "name": "CC BY"
    }
]
            
737537 Oil (%, substituted energy) % Includes inland demand plus international aviation and marine bunkers and refinery fuel and loss. Consumption of biogasoline (such as ethanol) and biodiesel are excluded while derivatives of coal and natural gas are included. Differences between the world consumption figures and world production statistics are accounted for by stock changes, consumption of non-petroleum additives and substitute fuels and unavoidable disparities in the definition, measurement or conversion of oil supply and demand data. 2023-07-17 14:29:54 2023-12-14 12:11:40     1800-2022 Global Primary Energy (Smil & EI, 2023) 6129 Energy Institute Statistical Review of World Energy (2023); Vaclav Smil (2017) 29198 % 
{
    "name": "Oil",
    "unit": "%",
    "shortUnit": "%"
}
 0     oil__pct_of_substituted_energy grapher/energy/2023-07-10/global_primary_energy/global_primary_energy#oil__pct_of_substituted_energy   1                 
[]
   
[
    {
        "url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230626200231/https://www.energyinst.org/__data/assets/pdf_file/0004/1055542/EI_Stat_Review_PDF_single-2.pdf",
        "name": "\u00a9 Energy Institute 2023"
    },
    {
        "url": "https://vaclavsmil.com/2016/12/14/energy-transitions-global-and-national-perspectives-second-expanded-and-updated-edition/",
        "name": "CC BY"
    }
]
            
737536 Oil (%, direct energy) % Includes inland demand plus international aviation and marine bunkers and refinery fuel and loss. Consumption of biogasoline (such as ethanol) and biodiesel are excluded while derivatives of coal and natural gas are included. Differences between the world consumption figures and world production statistics are accounted for by stock changes, consumption of non-petroleum additives and substitute fuels and unavoidable disparities in the definition, measurement or conversion of oil supply and demand data. 2023-07-17 14:29:53 2023-12-14 12:11:40     1800-2022 Global Primary Energy (Smil & EI, 2023) 6129 Energy Institute Statistical Review of World Energy (2023); Vaclav Smil (2017) 29198 % 
{
    "name": "Oil",
    "unit": "%",
    "shortUnit": "%"
}
 0     oil__pct_of_direct_energy grapher/energy/2023-07-10/global_primary_energy/global_primary_energy#oil__pct_of_direct_energy   1                 
[]
   
[
    {
        "url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230626200231/https://www.energyinst.org/__data/assets/pdf_file/0004/1055542/EI_Stat_Review_PDF_single-2.pdf",
        "name": "\u00a9 Energy Institute 2023"
    },
    {
        "url": "https://vaclavsmil.com/2016/12/14/energy-transitions-global-and-national-perspectives-second-expanded-and-updated-edition/",
        "name": "CC BY"
    }
]
            
737535 Nuclear (%, substituted energy) % Figures are based on gross generation and do not account for cross-border electricity supply. "Input-equivalent" energy is the amount of fuel that would be required by thermal power stations to generate the reported electricity output. 2023-07-17 14:29:53 2023-12-14 12:11:40     1800-2022 Global Primary Energy (Smil & EI, 2023) 6129 Energy Institute Statistical Review of World Energy (2023); Vaclav Smil (2017) 29198 % 
{
    "name": "Nuclear",
    "unit": "%",
    "shortUnit": "%"
}
 0     nuclear__pct_of_substituted_energy grapher/energy/2023-07-10/global_primary_energy/global_primary_energy#nuclear__pct_of_substituted_energy   1                 
[]
   
[
    {
        "url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230626200231/https://www.energyinst.org/__data/assets/pdf_file/0004/1055542/EI_Stat_Review_PDF_single-2.pdf",
        "name": "\u00a9 Energy Institute 2023"
    },
    {
        "url": "https://vaclavsmil.com/2016/12/14/energy-transitions-global-and-national-perspectives-second-expanded-and-updated-edition/",
        "name": "CC BY"
    }
]
            
737534 Nuclear (%, direct energy) % Figures are based on gross generation and do not account for cross-border electricity supply. 2023-07-17 14:29:52 2023-12-14 12:11:40     1800-2022 Global Primary Energy (Smil & EI, 2023) 6129 Energy Institute Statistical Review of World Energy (2023); Vaclav Smil (2017) 29198 % 
{
    "name": "Nuclear",
    "unit": "%",
    "shortUnit": "%"
}
 0     nuclear__pct_of_direct_energy grapher/energy/2023-07-10/global_primary_energy/global_primary_energy#nuclear__pct_of_direct_energy   1                 
[]
   
[
    {
        "url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230626200231/https://www.energyinst.org/__data/assets/pdf_file/0004/1055542/EI_Stat_Review_PDF_single-2.pdf",
        "name": "\u00a9 Energy Institute 2023"
    },
    {
        "url": "https://vaclavsmil.com/2016/12/14/energy-transitions-global-and-national-perspectives-second-expanded-and-updated-edition/",
        "name": "CC BY"
    }
]
            
737533 Hydropower (%, substituted energy) % Figures are based on gross generation and do not account for cross-border electricity supply. "Input-equivalent" energy is the amount of fuel that would be required by thermal power stations to generate the reported electricity output. 2023-07-17 14:29:52 2023-12-14 12:11:40     1800-2022 Global Primary Energy (Smil & EI, 2023) 6129 Energy Institute Statistical Review of World Energy (2023); Vaclav Smil (2017) 29198 % 
{
    "name": "Hydropower",
    "unit": "%",
    "shortUnit": "%"
}
 0     hydropower__pct_of_substituted_energy grapher/energy/2023-07-10/global_primary_energy/global_primary_energy#hydropower__pct_of_substituted_energy   1                 
[]
   
[
    {
        "url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230626200231/https://www.energyinst.org/__data/assets/pdf_file/0004/1055542/EI_Stat_Review_PDF_single-2.pdf",
        "name": "\u00a9 Energy Institute 2023"
    },
    {
        "url": "https://vaclavsmil.com/2016/12/14/energy-transitions-global-and-national-perspectives-second-expanded-and-updated-edition/",
        "name": "CC BY"
    }
]
            
737532 Hydropower (%, direct energy) % Figures are based on gross primary hydroelectric generation and do not account for cross-border electricity supply. 2023-07-17 14:29:51 2023-12-14 12:11:39     1800-2022 Global Primary Energy (Smil & EI, 2023) 6129 Energy Institute Statistical Review of World Energy (2023); Vaclav Smil (2017) 29198 % 
{
    "name": "Hydropower",
    "unit": "%",
    "shortUnit": "%"
}
 0     hydropower__pct_of_direct_energy grapher/energy/2023-07-10/global_primary_energy/global_primary_energy#hydropower__pct_of_direct_energy   1                 
[]
   
[
    {
        "url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230626200231/https://www.energyinst.org/__data/assets/pdf_file/0004/1055542/EI_Stat_Review_PDF_single-2.pdf",
        "name": "\u00a9 Energy Institute 2023"
    },
    {
        "url": "https://vaclavsmil.com/2016/12/14/energy-transitions-global-and-national-perspectives-second-expanded-and-updated-edition/",
        "name": "CC BY"
    }
]
            
737531 Gas (%, substituted energy) % Excludes natural gas converted to liquid fuels but includes derivatives of coal as well as natural gas consumed in Gas-to-Liquids transformation. The difference between the world consumption figures and the world production statistics is due to variations in stocks at storage facilities and liquefaction plants, together with unavoidable disparities in the definition, measurement or conversion of gas supply and demand data. 2023-07-17 14:29:50 2023-12-14 12:11:39     1800-2022 Global Primary Energy (Smil & EI, 2023) 6129 Energy Institute Statistical Review of World Energy (2023); Vaclav Smil (2017) 29198 % 
{
    "name": "Natural gas",
    "unit": "%",
    "shortUnit": "%"
}
 0     gas__pct_of_substituted_energy grapher/energy/2023-07-10/global_primary_energy/global_primary_energy#gas__pct_of_substituted_energy   1                 
[]
   
[
    {
        "url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230626200231/https://www.energyinst.org/__data/assets/pdf_file/0004/1055542/EI_Stat_Review_PDF_single-2.pdf",
        "name": "\u00a9 Energy Institute 2023"
    },
    {
        "url": "https://vaclavsmil.com/2016/12/14/energy-transitions-global-and-national-perspectives-second-expanded-and-updated-edition/",
        "name": "CC BY"
    }
]
            
737530 Gas (%, direct energy) % Excludes natural gas converted to liquid fuels but includes derivatives of coal as well as natural gas consumed in Gas-to-Liquids transformation. The difference between the world consumption figures and the world production statistics is due to variations in stocks at storage facilities and liquefaction plants, together with unavoidable disparities in the definition, measurement or conversion of gas supply and demand data. 2023-07-17 14:29:50 2023-12-14 12:11:39     1800-2022 Global Primary Energy (Smil & EI, 2023) 6129 Energy Institute Statistical Review of World Energy (2023); Vaclav Smil (2017) 29198 % 
{
    "name": "Natural gas",
    "unit": "%",
    "shortUnit": "%"
}
 0     gas__pct_of_direct_energy grapher/energy/2023-07-10/global_primary_energy/global_primary_energy#gas__pct_of_direct_energy   1                 
[]
   
[
    {
        "url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230626200231/https://www.energyinst.org/__data/assets/pdf_file/0004/1055542/EI_Stat_Review_PDF_single-2.pdf",
        "name": "\u00a9 Energy Institute 2023"
    },
    {
        "url": "https://vaclavsmil.com/2016/12/14/energy-transitions-global-and-national-perspectives-second-expanded-and-updated-edition/",
        "name": "CC BY"
    }
]
            
737529 Coal (%, substituted energy) % Includes commercial solid fuels only, i.e. bituminous coal and anthracite (hard coal), and lignite and brown (sub-bituminous) coal, and other commercial solid fuels. Excludes coal converted to liquid or gaseous fuels, but includes coal consumed in transformation processes. Differences between the consumption figures and the world production statistics are accounted for by stock changes, and unavoidable disparities in the definition, measurement or conversion of coal supply and demand data. 2023-07-17 14:29:49 2023-12-14 12:11:39     1800-2022 Global Primary Energy (Smil & EI, 2023) 6129 Energy Institute Statistical Review of World Energy (2023); Vaclav Smil (2017) 29198 % 
{
    "name": "Coal",
    "unit": "%",
    "shortUnit": "%"
}
 0     coal__pct_of_substituted_energy grapher/energy/2023-07-10/global_primary_energy/global_primary_energy#coal__pct_of_substituted_energy   1                 
[]
   
[
    {
        "url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230626200231/https://www.energyinst.org/__data/assets/pdf_file/0004/1055542/EI_Stat_Review_PDF_single-2.pdf",
        "name": "\u00a9 Energy Institute 2023"
    },
    {
        "url": "https://vaclavsmil.com/2016/12/14/energy-transitions-global-and-national-perspectives-second-expanded-and-updated-edition/",
        "name": "CC BY"
    }
]
            
737528 Coal (%, direct energy) % Includes commercial solid fuels only, i.e. bituminous coal and anthracite (hard coal), and lignite and brown (sub-bituminous) coal, and other commercial solid fuels. Excludes coal converted to liquid or gaseous fuels, but includes coal consumed in transformation processes. Differences between the consumption figures and the world production statistics are accounted for by stock changes, and unavoidable disparities in the definition, measurement or conversion of coal supply and demand data. 2023-07-17 14:29:49 2023-12-14 12:11:39     1800-2022 Global Primary Energy (Smil & EI, 2023) 6129 Energy Institute Statistical Review of World Energy (2023); Vaclav Smil (2017) 29198 % 
{
    "name": "Coal",
    "unit": "%",
    "shortUnit": "%"
}
 0     coal__pct_of_direct_energy grapher/energy/2023-07-10/global_primary_energy/global_primary_energy#coal__pct_of_direct_energy   1                 
[]
   
[
    {
        "url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230626200231/https://www.energyinst.org/__data/assets/pdf_file/0004/1055542/EI_Stat_Review_PDF_single-2.pdf",
        "name": "\u00a9 Energy Institute 2023"
    },
    {
        "url": "https://vaclavsmil.com/2016/12/14/energy-transitions-global-and-national-perspectives-second-expanded-and-updated-edition/",
        "name": "CC BY"
    }
]
            
737527 Biofuels (%, substituted energy) % Includes biogasoline (such as ethanol) and biodiesel. Volumes have been adjusted for energy content. 2023-07-17 14:29:48 2023-12-14 12:11:39     1800-2022 Global Primary Energy (Smil & EI, 2023) 6129 Energy Institute Statistical Review of World Energy (2023); Vaclav Smil (2017) 29198 % 
{
    "name": "Modern biofuels",
    "unit": "%",
    "shortUnit": "%"
}
 0     biofuels__pct_of_substituted_energy grapher/energy/2023-07-10/global_primary_energy/global_primary_energy#biofuels__pct_of_substituted_energy   1                 
[]
   
[
    {
        "url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230626200231/https://www.energyinst.org/__data/assets/pdf_file/0004/1055542/EI_Stat_Review_PDF_single-2.pdf",
        "name": "\u00a9 Energy Institute 2023"
    },
    {
        "url": "https://vaclavsmil.com/2016/12/14/energy-transitions-global-and-national-perspectives-second-expanded-and-updated-edition/",
        "name": "CC BY"
    }
]
            
737526 Biofuels (%, direct energy) % Includes biogasoline (such as ethanol) and biodiesel. Volumes have been adjusted for energy content. 2023-07-17 14:29:48 2023-12-14 12:11:38     1800-2022 Global Primary Energy (Smil & EI, 2023) 6129 Energy Institute Statistical Review of World Energy (2023); Vaclav Smil (2017) 29198 % 
{
    "name": "Modern biofuels",
    "unit": "%",
    "shortUnit": "%"
}
 0     biofuels__pct_of_direct_energy grapher/energy/2023-07-10/global_primary_energy/global_primary_energy#biofuels__pct_of_direct_energy   1                 
[]
   
[
    {
        "url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230626200231/https://www.energyinst.org/__data/assets/pdf_file/0004/1055542/EI_Stat_Review_PDF_single-2.pdf",
        "name": "\u00a9 Energy Institute 2023"
    },
    {
        "url": "https://vaclavsmil.com/2016/12/14/energy-transitions-global-and-national-perspectives-second-expanded-and-updated-edition/",
        "name": "CC BY"
    }
]
            
737525 Total consumption (TWh, substituted energy) terawatt-hours   2023-07-17 14:29:47 2023-12-14 12:11:38     1800-2022 Global Primary Energy (Smil & EI, 2023) 6129 Energy Institute Statistical Review of World Energy (2023); Vaclav Smil (2017) 29198 TWh 
{
    "name": "Total consumption",
    "unit": "terawatt-hours",
    "shortUnit": "TWh"
}
 0     total_consumption__twh_substituted_energy grapher/energy/2023-07-10/global_primary_energy/global_primary_energy#total_consumption__twh_substituted_energy   1                 
[]
   
[
    {
        "url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230626200231/https://www.energyinst.org/__data/assets/pdf_file/0004/1055542/EI_Stat_Review_PDF_single-2.pdf",
        "name": "\u00a9 Energy Institute 2023"
    },
    {
        "url": "https://vaclavsmil.com/2016/12/14/energy-transitions-global-and-national-perspectives-second-expanded-and-updated-edition/",
        "name": "CC BY"
    }
]
            
737524 Total consumption (TWh, direct energy) terawatt-hours   2023-07-17 14:29:47 2023-12-14 12:11:38     1800-2022 Global Primary Energy (Smil & EI, 2023) 6129 Energy Institute Statistical Review of World Energy (2023); Vaclav Smil (2017) 29198 TWh 
{
    "name": "Total consumption",
    "unit": "terawatt-hours",
    "shortUnit": "TWh"
}
 0     total_consumption__twh_direct_energy grapher/energy/2023-07-10/global_primary_energy/global_primary_energy#total_consumption__twh_direct_energy   1                 
[]
   
[
    {
        "url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230626200231/https://www.energyinst.org/__data/assets/pdf_file/0004/1055542/EI_Stat_Review_PDF_single-2.pdf",
        "name": "\u00a9 Energy Institute 2023"
    },
    {
        "url": "https://vaclavsmil.com/2016/12/14/energy-transitions-global-and-national-perspectives-second-expanded-and-updated-edition/",
        "name": "CC BY"
    }
]
            
737523 Wind (TWh, substituted energy) terawatt-hours Figures are based on gross generation and do not account for cross-border electricity supply. "Input-equivalent" energy is the amount of fuel that would be required by thermal power stations to generate the reported electricity output. 2023-07-17 14:29:46 2023-12-14 12:11:38     1800-2022 Global Primary Energy (Smil & EI, 2023) 6129 Energy Institute Statistical Review of World Energy (2023); Vaclav Smil (2017) 29198 TWh 
{
    "name": "Wind",
    "unit": "terawatt-hours",
    "shortUnit": "TWh"
}
 0     wind__twh_substituted_energy grapher/energy/2023-07-10/global_primary_energy/global_primary_energy#wind__twh_substituted_energy   1                 
[]
   
[
    {
        "url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230626200231/https://www.energyinst.org/__data/assets/pdf_file/0004/1055542/EI_Stat_Review_PDF_single-2.pdf",
        "name": "\u00a9 Energy Institute 2023"
    },
    {
        "url": "https://vaclavsmil.com/2016/12/14/energy-transitions-global-and-national-perspectives-second-expanded-and-updated-edition/",
        "name": "CC BY"
    }
]
            
737522 Wind (TWh, direct energy) terawatt-hours Figures are based on gross generation and do not account for cross-border electricity supply. 2023-07-17 14:29:45 2023-12-14 12:11:38     1800-2022 Global Primary Energy (Smil & EI, 2023) 6129 Energy Institute Statistical Review of World Energy (2023); Vaclav Smil (2017) 29198 TWh 
{
    "name": "Wind",
    "unit": "terawatt-hours",
    "shortUnit": "TWh"
}
 0     wind__twh_direct_energy grapher/energy/2023-07-10/global_primary_energy/global_primary_energy#wind__twh_direct_energy   1                 
[]
   
[
    {
        "url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230626200231/https://www.energyinst.org/__data/assets/pdf_file/0004/1055542/EI_Stat_Review_PDF_single-2.pdf",
        "name": "\u00a9 Energy Institute 2023"
    },
    {
        "url": "https://vaclavsmil.com/2016/12/14/energy-transitions-global-and-national-perspectives-second-expanded-and-updated-edition/",
        "name": "CC BY"
    }
]
            
737521 Traditional biomass (TWh, substituted energy) terawatt-hours   2023-07-17 14:29:45 2023-12-14 12:11:37     1800-2022 Global Primary Energy (Smil & EI, 2023) 6129 Energy Institute Statistical Review of World Energy (2023); Vaclav Smil (2017) 29198 TWh 
{
    "name": "Traditional biomass",
    "unit": "terawatt-hours",
    "shortUnit": "TWh"
}
 0     traditional_biomass__twh_substituted_energy grapher/energy/2023-07-10/global_primary_energy/global_primary_energy#traditional_biomass__twh_substituted_energy   1                 
[]
   
[
    {
        "url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230626200231/https://www.energyinst.org/__data/assets/pdf_file/0004/1055542/EI_Stat_Review_PDF_single-2.pdf",
        "name": "\u00a9 Energy Institute 2023"
    },
    {
        "url": "https://vaclavsmil.com/2016/12/14/energy-transitions-global-and-national-perspectives-second-expanded-and-updated-edition/",
        "name": "CC BY"
    }
]
            
737520 Traditional biomass (TWh, direct energy) terawatt-hours   2023-07-17 14:29:44 2023-12-14 12:11:37     1800-2022 Global Primary Energy (Smil & EI, 2023) 6129 Energy Institute Statistical Review of World Energy (2023); Vaclav Smil (2017) 29198 TWh 
{
    "name": "Traditional biomass",
    "unit": "terawatt-hours",
    "shortUnit": "TWh"
}
 0     traditional_biomass__twh_direct_energy grapher/energy/2023-07-10/global_primary_energy/global_primary_energy#traditional_biomass__twh_direct_energy   1                 
[]
   
[
    {
        "url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230626200231/https://www.energyinst.org/__data/assets/pdf_file/0004/1055542/EI_Stat_Review_PDF_single-2.pdf",
        "name": "\u00a9 Energy Institute 2023"
    },
    {
        "url": "https://vaclavsmil.com/2016/12/14/energy-transitions-global-and-national-perspectives-second-expanded-and-updated-edition/",
        "name": "CC BY"
    }
]
            
737519 Solar (TWh, substituted energy) terawatt-hours Figures are based on gross generation and do not account for cross-border electricity supply. "Input-equivalent" energy is the amount of fuel that would be required by thermal power stations to generate the reported electricity output. 2023-07-17 14:29:44 2023-12-14 12:11:37     1800-2022 Global Primary Energy (Smil & EI, 2023) 6129 Energy Institute Statistical Review of World Energy (2023); Vaclav Smil (2017) 29198 TWh 
{
    "name": "Solar",
    "unit": "terawatt-hours",
    "shortUnit": "TWh"
}
 0     solar__twh_substituted_energy grapher/energy/2023-07-10/global_primary_energy/global_primary_energy#solar__twh_substituted_energy   1                 
[]
   
[
    {
        "url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230626200231/https://www.energyinst.org/__data/assets/pdf_file/0004/1055542/EI_Stat_Review_PDF_single-2.pdf",
        "name": "\u00a9 Energy Institute 2023"
    },
    {
        "url": "https://vaclavsmil.com/2016/12/14/energy-transitions-global-and-national-perspectives-second-expanded-and-updated-edition/",
        "name": "CC BY"
    }
]
            
737518 Solar (TWh, direct energy) terawatt-hours Figures are based on gross generation and do not account for cross-border electricity supply. 2023-07-17 14:29:43 2023-12-14 12:11:37     1800-2022 Global Primary Energy (Smil & EI, 2023) 6129 Energy Institute Statistical Review of World Energy (2023); Vaclav Smil (2017) 29198 TWh 
{
    "name": "Solar",
    "unit": "terawatt-hours",
    "shortUnit": "TWh"
}
 0     solar__twh_direct_energy grapher/energy/2023-07-10/global_primary_energy/global_primary_energy#solar__twh_direct_energy   1                 
[]
   
[
    {
        "url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230626200231/https://www.energyinst.org/__data/assets/pdf_file/0004/1055542/EI_Stat_Review_PDF_single-2.pdf",
        "name": "\u00a9 Energy Institute 2023"
    },
    {
        "url": "https://vaclavsmil.com/2016/12/14/energy-transitions-global-and-national-perspectives-second-expanded-and-updated-edition/",
        "name": "CC BY"
    }
]
            
737517 Other renewables (TWh, substituted energy) terawatt-hours Figures are based on gross generation and do not account for cross-border electricity supply. "Input-equivalent" energy is the amount of fuel that would be required by thermal power stations to generate the reported electricity output. 2023-07-17 14:29:43 2023-12-14 12:11:37     1800-2022 Global Primary Energy (Smil & EI, 2023) 6129 Energy Institute Statistical Review of World Energy (2023); Vaclav Smil (2017) 29198 TWh 
{
    "name": "Other renewables",
    "unit": "terawatt-hours",
    "shortUnit": "TWh"
}
 0     other_renewables__twh_substituted_energy grapher/energy/2023-07-10/global_primary_energy/global_primary_energy#other_renewables__twh_substituted_energy   1                 
[]
   
[
    {
        "url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230626200231/https://www.energyinst.org/__data/assets/pdf_file/0004/1055542/EI_Stat_Review_PDF_single-2.pdf",
        "name": "\u00a9 Energy Institute 2023"
    },
    {
        "url": "https://vaclavsmil.com/2016/12/14/energy-transitions-global-and-national-perspectives-second-expanded-and-updated-edition/",
        "name": "CC BY"
    }
]
            
737516 Other renewables (TWh, direct energy) terawatt-hours Figures are based on gross generation and do not account for cross-border electricity supply. 2023-07-17 14:29:42 2023-12-14 12:11:37     1800-2022 Global Primary Energy (Smil & EI, 2023) 6129 Energy Institute Statistical Review of World Energy (2023); Vaclav Smil (2017) 29198 TWh 
{
    "name": "Other renewables",
    "unit": "terawatt-hours",
    "shortUnit": "TWh"
}
 0     other_renewables__twh_direct_energy grapher/energy/2023-07-10/global_primary_energy/global_primary_energy#other_renewables__twh_direct_energy   1                 
[]
   
[
    {
        "url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230626200231/https://www.energyinst.org/__data/assets/pdf_file/0004/1055542/EI_Stat_Review_PDF_single-2.pdf",
        "name": "\u00a9 Energy Institute 2023"
    },
    {
        "url": "https://vaclavsmil.com/2016/12/14/energy-transitions-global-and-national-perspectives-second-expanded-and-updated-edition/",
        "name": "CC BY"
    }
]
            
737515 Oil (TWh, substituted energy) terawatt-hours Includes inland demand plus international aviation and marine bunkers and refinery fuel and loss. Consumption of biogasoline (such as ethanol) and biodiesel are excluded while derivatives of coal and natural gas are included. Differences between the world consumption figures and world production statistics are accounted for by stock changes, consumption of non-petroleum additives and substitute fuels and unavoidable disparities in the definition, measurement or conversion of oil supply and demand data. 2023-07-17 14:29:42 2023-12-14 12:11:37     1800-2022 Global Primary Energy (Smil & EI, 2023) 6129 Energy Institute Statistical Review of World Energy (2023); Vaclav Smil (2017) 29198 TWh 
{
    "name": "Oil",
    "unit": "terawatt-hours",
    "shortUnit": "TWh"
}
 0     oil__twh_substituted_energy grapher/energy/2023-07-10/global_primary_energy/global_primary_energy#oil__twh_substituted_energy   1                 
[]
   
[
    {
        "url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230626200231/https://www.energyinst.org/__data/assets/pdf_file/0004/1055542/EI_Stat_Review_PDF_single-2.pdf",
        "name": "\u00a9 Energy Institute 2023"
    },
    {
        "url": "https://vaclavsmil.com/2016/12/14/energy-transitions-global-and-national-perspectives-second-expanded-and-updated-edition/",
        "name": "CC BY"
    }
]
            
737514 Oil (TWh, direct energy) terawatt-hours Includes inland demand plus international aviation and marine bunkers and refinery fuel and loss. Consumption of biogasoline (such as ethanol) and biodiesel are excluded while derivatives of coal and natural gas are included. Differences between the world consumption figures and world production statistics are accounted for by stock changes, consumption of non-petroleum additives and substitute fuels and unavoidable disparities in the definition, measurement or conversion of oil supply and demand data. 2023-07-17 14:29:41 2023-12-14 12:11:36     1800-2022 Global Primary Energy (Smil & EI, 2023) 6129 Energy Institute Statistical Review of World Energy (2023); Vaclav Smil (2017) 29198 TWh 
{
    "name": "Oil",
    "unit": "terawatt-hours",
    "shortUnit": "TWh"
}
 0     oil__twh_direct_energy grapher/energy/2023-07-10/global_primary_energy/global_primary_energy#oil__twh_direct_energy   1                 
[]
   
[
    {
        "url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230626200231/https://www.energyinst.org/__data/assets/pdf_file/0004/1055542/EI_Stat_Review_PDF_single-2.pdf",
        "name": "\u00a9 Energy Institute 2023"
    },
    {
        "url": "https://vaclavsmil.com/2016/12/14/energy-transitions-global-and-national-perspectives-second-expanded-and-updated-edition/",
        "name": "CC BY"
    }
]
            
737513 Nuclear (TWh, substituted energy) terawatt-hours Figures are based on gross generation and do not account for cross-border electricity supply. "Input-equivalent" energy is the amount of fuel that would be required by thermal power stations to generate the reported electricity output. 2023-07-17 14:29:41 2023-12-14 12:11:36     1800-2022 Global Primary Energy (Smil & EI, 2023) 6129 Energy Institute Statistical Review of World Energy (2023); Vaclav Smil (2017) 29198 TWh 
{
    "name": "Nuclear",
    "unit": "terawatt-hours",
    "shortUnit": "TWh"
}
 0     nuclear__twh_substituted_energy grapher/energy/2023-07-10/global_primary_energy/global_primary_energy#nuclear__twh_substituted_energy   1                 
[]
   
[
    {
        "url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230626200231/https://www.energyinst.org/__data/assets/pdf_file/0004/1055542/EI_Stat_Review_PDF_single-2.pdf",
        "name": "\u00a9 Energy Institute 2023"
    },
    {
        "url": "https://vaclavsmil.com/2016/12/14/energy-transitions-global-and-national-perspectives-second-expanded-and-updated-edition/",
        "name": "CC BY"
    }
]
            
737512 Nuclear (TWh, direct energy) terawatt-hours Figures are based on gross generation and do not account for cross-border electricity supply. 2023-07-17 14:29:40 2023-12-14 12:11:36     1800-2022 Global Primary Energy (Smil & EI, 2023) 6129 Energy Institute Statistical Review of World Energy (2023); Vaclav Smil (2017) 29198 TWh 
{
    "name": "Nuclear",
    "unit": "terawatt-hours",
    "shortUnit": "TWh"
}
 0     nuclear__twh_direct_energy grapher/energy/2023-07-10/global_primary_energy/global_primary_energy#nuclear__twh_direct_energy   1                 
[]
   
[
    {
        "url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230626200231/https://www.energyinst.org/__data/assets/pdf_file/0004/1055542/EI_Stat_Review_PDF_single-2.pdf",
        "name": "\u00a9 Energy Institute 2023"
    },
    {
        "url": "https://vaclavsmil.com/2016/12/14/energy-transitions-global-and-national-perspectives-second-expanded-and-updated-edition/",
        "name": "CC BY"
    }
]
            
737511 Hydropower (TWh, substituted energy) terawatt-hours Figures are based on gross generation and do not account for cross-border electricity supply. "Input-equivalent" energy is the amount of fuel that would be required by thermal power stations to generate the reported electricity output. 2023-07-17 14:29:40 2023-12-14 12:11:36     1800-2022 Global Primary Energy (Smil & EI, 2023) 6129 Energy Institute Statistical Review of World Energy (2023); Vaclav Smil (2017) 29198 TWh 
{
    "name": "Hydropower",
    "unit": "terawatt-hours",
    "shortUnit": "TWh"
}
 0     hydropower__twh_substituted_energy grapher/energy/2023-07-10/global_primary_energy/global_primary_energy#hydropower__twh_substituted_energy   1                 
[]
   
[
    {
        "url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230626200231/https://www.energyinst.org/__data/assets/pdf_file/0004/1055542/EI_Stat_Review_PDF_single-2.pdf",
        "name": "\u00a9 Energy Institute 2023"
    },
    {
        "url": "https://vaclavsmil.com/2016/12/14/energy-transitions-global-and-national-perspectives-second-expanded-and-updated-edition/",
        "name": "CC BY"
    }
]
            
737510 Hydropower (TWh, direct energy) terawatt-hours Figures are based on gross primary hydroelectric generation and do not account for cross-border electricity supply. 2023-07-17 14:29:39 2023-12-14 12:11:35     1800-2022 Global Primary Energy (Smil & EI, 2023) 6129 Energy Institute Statistical Review of World Energy (2023); Vaclav Smil (2017) 29198 TWh 
{
    "name": "Hydropower",
    "unit": "terawatt-hours",
    "shortUnit": "TWh"
}
 0     hydropower__twh_direct_energy grapher/energy/2023-07-10/global_primary_energy/global_primary_energy#hydropower__twh_direct_energy   1                 
[]
   
[
    {
        "url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230626200231/https://www.energyinst.org/__data/assets/pdf_file/0004/1055542/EI_Stat_Review_PDF_single-2.pdf",
        "name": "\u00a9 Energy Institute 2023"
    },
    {
        "url": "https://vaclavsmil.com/2016/12/14/energy-transitions-global-and-national-perspectives-second-expanded-and-updated-edition/",
        "name": "CC BY"
    }
]
            
737509 Gas (TWh, substituted energy) terawatt-hours Excludes natural gas converted to liquid fuels but includes derivatives of coal as well as natural gas consumed in Gas-to-Liquids transformation. The difference between the world consumption figures and the world production statistics is due to variations in stocks at storage facilities and liquefaction plants, together with unavoidable disparities in the definition, measurement or conversion of gas supply and demand data. 2023-07-17 14:29:38 2023-12-14 12:11:35     1800-2022 Global Primary Energy (Smil & EI, 2023) 6129 Energy Institute Statistical Review of World Energy (2023); Vaclav Smil (2017) 29198 TWh 
{
    "name": "Natural gas",
    "unit": "terawatt-hours",
    "shortUnit": "TWh"
}
 0     gas__twh_substituted_energy grapher/energy/2023-07-10/global_primary_energy/global_primary_energy#gas__twh_substituted_energy   1                 
[]
   
[
    {
        "url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230626200231/https://www.energyinst.org/__data/assets/pdf_file/0004/1055542/EI_Stat_Review_PDF_single-2.pdf",
        "name": "\u00a9 Energy Institute 2023"
    },
    {
        "url": "https://vaclavsmil.com/2016/12/14/energy-transitions-global-and-national-perspectives-second-expanded-and-updated-edition/",
        "name": "CC BY"
    }
]
            
737508 Gas (TWh, direct energy) terawatt-hours Excludes natural gas converted to liquid fuels but includes derivatives of coal as well as natural gas consumed in Gas-to-Liquids transformation. The difference between the world consumption figures and the world production statistics is due to variations in stocks at storage facilities and liquefaction plants, together with unavoidable disparities in the definition, measurement or conversion of gas supply and demand data. 2023-07-17 14:29:38 2023-12-14 12:11:35     1800-2022 Global Primary Energy (Smil & EI, 2023) 6129 Energy Institute Statistical Review of World Energy (2023); Vaclav Smil (2017) 29198 TWh 
{
    "name": "Natural gas",
    "unit": "terawatt-hours",
    "shortUnit": "TWh"
}
 0     gas__twh_direct_energy grapher/energy/2023-07-10/global_primary_energy/global_primary_energy#gas__twh_direct_energy   1                 
[]
   
[
    {
        "url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230626200231/https://www.energyinst.org/__data/assets/pdf_file/0004/1055542/EI_Stat_Review_PDF_single-2.pdf",
        "name": "\u00a9 Energy Institute 2023"
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    {
        "url": "https://vaclavsmil.com/2016/12/14/energy-transitions-global-and-national-perspectives-second-expanded-and-updated-edition/",
        "name": "CC BY"
    }
]
            
737507 Coal (TWh, substituted energy) terawatt-hours Includes commercial solid fuels only, i.e. bituminous coal and anthracite (hard coal), and lignite and brown (sub-bituminous) coal, and other commercial solid fuels. Excludes coal converted to liquid or gaseous fuels, but includes coal consumed in transformation processes. Differences between the consumption figures and the world production statistics are accounted for by stock changes, and unavoidable disparities in the definition, measurement or conversion of coal supply and demand data. 2023-07-17 14:29:38 2023-12-14 12:11:35     1800-2022 Global Primary Energy (Smil & EI, 2023) 6129 Energy Institute Statistical Review of World Energy (2023); Vaclav Smil (2017) 29198 TWh 
{
    "name": "Coal",
    "unit": "terawatt-hours",
    "shortUnit": "TWh"
}
 0     coal__twh_substituted_energy grapher/energy/2023-07-10/global_primary_energy/global_primary_energy#coal__twh_substituted_energy   1                 
[]
   
[
    {
        "url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230626200231/https://www.energyinst.org/__data/assets/pdf_file/0004/1055542/EI_Stat_Review_PDF_single-2.pdf",
        "name": "\u00a9 Energy Institute 2023"
    },
    {
        "url": "https://vaclavsmil.com/2016/12/14/energy-transitions-global-and-national-perspectives-second-expanded-and-updated-edition/",
        "name": "CC BY"
    }
]
            
737506 Coal (TWh, direct energy) terawatt-hours Includes commercial solid fuels only, i.e. bituminous coal and anthracite (hard coal), and lignite and brown (sub-bituminous) coal, and other commercial solid fuels. Excludes coal converted to liquid or gaseous fuels, but includes coal consumed in transformation processes. Differences between the consumption figures and the world production statistics are accounted for by stock changes, and unavoidable disparities in the definition, measurement or conversion of coal supply and demand data. 2023-07-17 14:29:37 2023-12-14 12:11:34     1800-2022 Global Primary Energy (Smil & EI, 2023) 6129 Energy Institute Statistical Review of World Energy (2023); Vaclav Smil (2017) 29198 TWh 
{
    "name": "Coal",
    "unit": "terawatt-hours",
    "shortUnit": "TWh"
}
 0     coal__twh_direct_energy grapher/energy/2023-07-10/global_primary_energy/global_primary_energy#coal__twh_direct_energy   1                 
[]
   
[
    {
        "url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230626200231/https://www.energyinst.org/__data/assets/pdf_file/0004/1055542/EI_Stat_Review_PDF_single-2.pdf",
        "name": "\u00a9 Energy Institute 2023"
    },
    {
        "url": "https://vaclavsmil.com/2016/12/14/energy-transitions-global-and-national-perspectives-second-expanded-and-updated-edition/",
        "name": "CC BY"
    }
]
            
737505 Biofuels (TWh, substituted energy) terawatt-hours Includes biogasoline (such as ethanol) and biodiesel. Volumes have been adjusted for energy content. 2023-07-17 14:29:37 2023-12-14 12:11:34     1800-2022 Global Primary Energy (Smil & EI, 2023) 6129 Energy Institute Statistical Review of World Energy (2023); Vaclav Smil (2017) 29198 TWh 
{
    "name": "Modern biofuels",
    "unit": "terawatt-hours",
    "shortUnit": "TWh"
}
 0     biofuels__twh_substituted_energy grapher/energy/2023-07-10/global_primary_energy/global_primary_energy#biofuels__twh_substituted_energy   1                 
[]
   
[
    {
        "url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230626200231/https://www.energyinst.org/__data/assets/pdf_file/0004/1055542/EI_Stat_Review_PDF_single-2.pdf",
        "name": "\u00a9 Energy Institute 2023"
    },
    {
        "url": "https://vaclavsmil.com/2016/12/14/energy-transitions-global-and-national-perspectives-second-expanded-and-updated-edition/",
        "name": "CC BY"
    }
]
            
737504 Biofuels (TWh, direct energy) terawatt-hours Includes biogasoline (such as ethanol) and biodiesel. Volumes have been adjusted for energy content. 2023-07-17 14:29:36 2023-12-14 12:11:34     1800-2022 Global Primary Energy (Smil & EI, 2023) 6129 Energy Institute Statistical Review of World Energy (2023); Vaclav Smil (2017) 29198 TWh 
{
    "name": "Modern biofuels",
    "unit": "terawatt-hours",
    "shortUnit": "TWh"
}
 0     biofuels__twh_direct_energy grapher/energy/2023-07-10/global_primary_energy/global_primary_energy#biofuels__twh_direct_energy   1                 
[]
   
[
    {
        "url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230626200231/https://www.energyinst.org/__data/assets/pdf_file/0004/1055542/EI_Stat_Review_PDF_single-2.pdf",
        "name": "\u00a9 Energy Institute 2023"
    },
    {
        "url": "https://vaclavsmil.com/2016/12/14/energy-transitions-global-and-national-perspectives-second-expanded-and-updated-edition/",
        "name": "CC BY"
    }
]
            

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