variables: 959837

This table contains all the variables of all the datasets we have at Our World In Data. Note that this includes only the information about the variables like name and default display settings, not the data itself.

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id name unit description createdAt updatedAt code coverage timespan datasetId sourceId shortUnit display columnOrder originalMetadata grapherConfigAdmin shortName catalogPath dimensions schemaVersion processingLevel processingLog titlePublic titleVariant attributionShort attribution descriptionShort descriptionFromProducer descriptionKey descriptionProcessing licenses license grapherConfigETL type sort dataChecksum metadataChecksum
959837 Iron and steel production metric tons   2024-07-30 12:02:09 2024-07-30 12:02:10     1816-2016 6645   t 
{
    "name": "Iron and steel production",
    "unit": "metric tons",
    "shortUnit": "t",
    "tolerance": 5,
    "numDecimalPlaces": 0
}
 0     irst grapher/cow/2024-07-26/national_material_capabilities/national_material_capabilities#irst   2 minor   Iron and steel production       Involve transitions concerning the categories of iron produced and the types of fuels used in making iron and steel. Iron and Steel production reflects a state’s production of pig iron (1816-1899) and steel (1900-2016) in each year for the period 1816-2016. _Data Acquisition and Generation_ Iron and steel production trends since 1816 involve transitions concerning the categories of iron produced and the types of fuels used in making iron and steel. In general, “cast iron” means all iron, including “pig iron” that has at least 0.3% carbon. Specifically, cast iron includes all iron that has been molded into functional shapes. “Wrought iron” (“puddle iron” or “bar iron”) is made from pig iron (except in a small percentage prior to 1850, when it was made directly from ore) in a puddling furnace. It is very pure (containing less than 0.04% carbon) and relatively malleable. Steel has an intermediate carbon content between 0.04 and 2.25%. Until around 1870, cast iron and wrought iron were the principal products. The proportion of the former as a final product steadily decreased until castings, as a proportion of total blast furnace production, amounted to less than 0.1% and wrought iron became the primary metal of construction. By 1880, the Bessemer invention and improvements in coking made wrought iron production obsolete. The use of coke as an inexpensive, non-volatile, and structurally solid fuel allowed the construction of larger blast furnaces. The use of coke combined with the rapid steel production in the Bessemer invention, made steel the primary commercial metal. While wrought iron was of primary importance as a finished good prior to 1870, we did not use it as an indicator because: 1) pig iron data is more readily available; 2) in our judgment, use of the former would underestimate industrial activity in some states, notably the United States; and 3) such use would downplay the importance of cast iron production, especially prior to 1850. Steel production totals were too low in many states to reflect accurately industrial activity in the nineteenth century. Instead, for the years 1816-1899, we estimated iron production from pig iron output. When direct castings output was reported separately from pig iron, we added these totals to the reported pig iron. This reflects our judgment that direct castings are nothing more than “cast” pig iron. Our selection of crude pig iron plus separately reported direct castings is plausible because this output was part of every activity in the iron and steel sectors of the economy. Where iron production appeared in disaggregated form, we summed the appropriate raw figures to form the total pig iron output. This was done most often for Prussian and Austrian data when we had to transform the old Prussian and Austrian centners into tons. By 1900, the preferred product of this economic sector was clearly steel, hence our use of steel output as an indicator. This date is somewhat arbitrary since any year from 1890 to around 1910 could have been chosen for the same reason. It is, however, a reasonable midpoint for our analysis. By 1910, virtually every nation that produced iron in the nineteenth century had matched in the output of steel its previous rank as measured in pig iron. We are confident that the two indicators are roughly equivalent measures of industrial activity at the point of transition. 
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         int 
[]
 ab43a2b50857831f5e9dee6fe9aba359 9ac2c716e8c4aac66c917f2a2ddb4d8d

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