variables: 821326
This data as json
| id | name | unit | description | createdAt | updatedAt | code | coverage | timespan | datasetId | sourceId | shortUnit | display | columnOrder | originalMetadata | grapherConfigAdmin | shortName | catalogPath | dimensions | schemaVersion | processingLevel | processingLog | titlePublic | titleVariant | attributionShort | attribution | descriptionShort | descriptionFromProducer | descriptionKey | descriptionProcessing | licenses | license | grapherConfigETL | type | sort | dataChecksum | metadataChecksum |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 821326 | Health expenditure - Out-of-pocket excluding cost-sharing | international-$ in 2015 prices | 2024-02-27 16:11:57 | 2024-07-08 17:22:29 | 1970-2022 | 6398 | $ | {
"name": "Health expenditure - Out-of-pocket excluding cost-sharing",
"unit": "international-$ in 2015 prices",
"shortUnit": "$",
"tolerance": 5,
"numDecimalPlaces": 0
} |
0 | ppp_dollars__financing_scheme_out_of_pocket_excluding_cost_sharing | grapher/oecd/2024-02-23/health_expenditure/health_expenditure#ppp_dollars__financing_scheme_out_of_pocket_excluding_cost_sharing | {
"filters": [
{
"name": "financing_scheme",
"value": "Out-of-pocket excluding cost-sharing"
}
],
"originalName": "Health expenditure - Out-of-pocket excluding cost-sharing",
"originalShortName": "ppp_dollars"
} |
2 | minor | Health expenditure - Out-of-pocket excluding cost-sharing | Health expenditure in out-of-pocket excluding cost-sharing. Includes financing schemes under which direct payment is made at the time of the purchase of goods or use of services, but excludes the share of the costs of the given services covered by the scheme. | Households’ out-of-pocket expenditure by definition is regarded as a financing scheme. Its distinguishing characteristic is that it is a direct payment for health care goods and services from the household primary income or savings (no third-party payer is involved): the payment is made by the user at the time of the purchase of goods or use of services. Included are cost-sharing and informal payments (both in cash and kind). Out-of-pocket payments (OOP) show the direct burden of medical costs that households bear at the time of service use. (This is the reason for categorising OOP as a first-digit level category of ICHA-HF.) OOP play an important role in every health care system. In lower-income countries, out-of-pocket expenditure is often the main form of health care financing. OOP expenditure (schemes) is characterised by: - Mode of participation: voluntary, based on the willingness and ability to pay of the individual or household, though the government or voluntary insurance scheme may specify the amount of payment that is required; - Benefitentitlement:contributory:theserviceisprovidediftheindividualpays; - Basic method for fund-raising: voluntary, based on the decision of the household to use the services, and therefore to pay for them. The government may indirectly subsidise some OOP expenditures through tax deductions or credits; - Mechanism and extent of pooling funds: no inter-personal pooling. From a health policy perspective, it is important to distinguish three main types of out- of-pocket expenditure (OOP): OOP excluding cost-sharing (HF.3.1); OOP cost-sharing with government schemes and compulsory contributory health insurance schemes (HF.3.2.1); and OOP cost-sharing with voluntary insurance schemes (HF.3.2.2). The role (share) of each of these sub-categories and the changes in the share over time provide a more detailed picture of the burden of health financing on households than does just total OOP. Furthermore, the three types may provide important information about the effect of government intervention in health financing. Informal payments are considered as out-of-pocket-payments and reported under HF.3.1. Note: only formal cost-sharing is reported under HF.3.2 (Cost sharing with third- party payers). _Treatment of cost-sharing_ There are three components of coverage by a third-party financing scheme (insurance or government scheme): population coverage, the service package covered and the share of the costs of the given services covered by the scheme. Cost-sharing by the patients should be considered as a component of out-of-pocket payment and should not be considered as expenditure by a third-party financing scheme. The concept, the monitoring and the assessment of financial protection require a clear distinction between the share of the costs covered by compulsory insurance (or a government scheme) and the share of the costs paid by the patients. Obviously, a high level of cost-sharing by the patients jeopardises financial protection. Thomson and Mossialos (2009) emphasised that: “Several countries have made efforts to expand population coverage ... However, the scope and depth of coverage are as important as its universality, and the trend in some countries to lower scope and depth undermines financial protection” (p. xxi). Voluntary insurance may reimburse cost-sharing by the patient. This case should be treated similarly to the case when voluntary insurance reimburses the bill of a service not covered by compulsory insurance. The payment is considered expenditure by the voluntary insurance. Consequently, the part of cost-sharing reimbursed by voluntary insurance should be accounted as expenditure by voluntary insurance, and should not be considered as OOP payment by the households. This treatment ensures that a proper picture of financial protection is provided. It should, however, be noted that the characteristics of the coverage by the government scheme or insurance determine the household cost-sharing, which is a component of household out-of-pocket payment (OOP). The full cost of the services or goods concerned accounts for its two payer components: the third-party payer and the OOP. As the full costs of the services or goods concerned are also important information, the following memorandum items are included in the classification: government schemes and compulsory contributory health insurance schemes, together with cost-sharing (HF.1+HF.3.2.1); and Voluntary health insurance schemes, together with cost-sharing (HF.2+HF.3.2.2). | [
"The data is measured in international-$ at 2015 prices \u2013 this adjusts for inflation and for differences in the cost of living between countries."
] |
float | [] |
15b80e9331aac7b3c08cf6aedaf2dd49 | 14f0616caa3dc62ecc29501431cacd8d |