id,name,unit,description,createdAt,updatedAt,code,coverage,timespan,datasetId,sourceId,shortUnit,display,columnOrder,originalMetadata,grapherConfigAdmin,shortName,catalogPath,dimensions,schemaVersion,processingLevel,processingLog,titlePublic,titleVariant,attributionShort,attribution,descriptionShort,descriptionFromProducer,descriptionKey,descriptionProcessing,licenses,license,grapherConfigETL,type,sort,dataChecksum,metadataChecksum
959817,GPU computational performance per dollar,FLOP/s/$,,2024-07-29 11:40:03,2024-07-29 11:40:03,,,,6640,,,"{""unit"": ""FLOP/s/$"", ""zeroDay"": ""2000-01-01"", ""yearIsDay"": true, ""numDecimalPlaces"": 0}",0,,,comp_performance_per_dollar,grapher/artificial_intelligence/2024-07-11/epoch_gpus/epoch_gpus#comp_performance_per_dollar,,2,major,,,,,,"Graphics processing units (GPUs) are the dominant computing hardware for artificial intelligence systems. GPU performance is shown in [floating-point operations](#dod:flop) operations/second (FLOP/s) per US dollar, adjusted for inflation.",,[],"- Reporting a time series of AI investments in nominal prices (i.e., without adjusting for inflation) means it makes little sense to compare observations across time; it is therefore not very useful. To make comparisons across time possible, one has to take into account that prices change (e.g., there is inflation).
- It is not obvious how to adjust this time series for inflation, and we debated it at some length within our team.
- It would be straightforward to adjust the time series for price changes if we knew the prices of the specific goods and services that these investments purchased. This would make it possible to calculate a volume measure of AI investments, and it would tell us how much these investments bought. But such a metric is not available. While a comprehensive price index is not available, we know that the cost for some crucial AI technology has fallen rapidly in price.
- In the absence of a comprehensive price index that captures the price of AI-specific goods and services, one has to rely on one of the available metrics for the price of a bundle of goods and services. In the end we decided to use the US Consumer Price Index (CPI).
- The US CPI does not provide us with a volume measure of AI goods and services, but it does capture the opportunity costs of these investments. The inflation adjustment of this time series of AI investments therefore lets us understand the size of these investments relative to whatever else these sums of money could have purchased.",,,"{""note"": ""FLOP/s values refer to 32-bit (full) precision. Data is expressed in constant 2023 US$. Inflation adjustment is based on the US Consumer Price Index (CPI).""}",float,[],a990e808fcd1d74c964fcbdff7fab745,b290c84bf93a0134e786844b5c08517e
959816,Release price,US$,,2024-07-29 11:40:03,2024-07-29 11:40:03,,,,6640,,$,"{""unit"": ""US$"", ""zeroDay"": ""2000-01-01"", ""shortUnit"": ""$"", ""yearIsDay"": true, ""numDecimalPlaces"": 0}",0,,,release_price__usd,grapher/artificial_intelligence/2024-07-11/epoch_gpus/epoch_gpus#release_price__usd,,2,major,,,,,,The price of the GPU at the time of its release.Data is expressed in constant 2023 US$. Inflation adjustment is based on the US Consumer Price Index (CPI).,,[],"- Reporting a time series of AI investments in nominal prices (i.e., without adjusting for inflation) means it makes little sense to compare observations across time; it is therefore not very useful. To make comparisons across time possible, one has to take into account that prices change (e.g., there is inflation).
- It is not obvious how to adjust this time series for inflation, and we debated it at some length within our team.
- It would be straightforward to adjust the time series for price changes if we knew the prices of the specific goods and services that these investments purchased. This would make it possible to calculate a volume measure of AI investments, and it would tell us how much these investments bought. But such a metric is not available. While a comprehensive price index is not available, we know that the cost for some crucial AI technology has fallen rapidly in price.
- In the absence of a comprehensive price index that captures the price of AI-specific goods and services, one has to rely on one of the available metrics for the price of a bundle of goods and services. In the end we decided to use the US Consumer Price Index (CPI).
- The US CPI does not provide us with a volume measure of AI goods and services, but it does capture the opportunity costs of these investments. The inflation adjustment of this time series of AI investments therefore lets us understand the size of these investments relative to whatever else these sums of money could have purchased.",,,,int,[],a2082affefd26aa10d81db1fc4d5524c,076035cc78638e25af0908d7f9989309
959815,Manufacturer,,,2024-07-29 11:40:03,2024-07-29 11:40:03,,,,6640,,,"{""zeroDay"": ""2000-01-01"", ""yearIsDay"": true, ""numDecimalPlaces"": 0}",0,,,manufacturer,grapher/artificial_intelligence/2024-07-11/epoch_gpus/epoch_gpus#manufacturer,,2,major,,,,,,The company that produced the GPU.,,[],"- Reporting a time series of AI investments in nominal prices (i.e., without adjusting for inflation) means it makes little sense to compare observations across time; it is therefore not very useful. To make comparisons across time possible, one has to take into account that prices change (e.g., there is inflation).
- It is not obvious how to adjust this time series for inflation, and we debated it at some length within our team.
- It would be straightforward to adjust the time series for price changes if we knew the prices of the specific goods and services that these investments purchased. This would make it possible to calculate a volume measure of AI investments, and it would tell us how much these investments bought. But such a metric is not available. While a comprehensive price index is not available, we know that the cost for some crucial AI technology has fallen rapidly in price.
- In the absence of a comprehensive price index that captures the price of AI-specific goods and services, one has to rely on one of the available metrics for the price of a bundle of goods and services. In the end we decided to use the US Consumer Price Index (CPI).
- The US CPI does not provide us with a volume measure of AI goods and services, but it does capture the opportunity costs of these investments. The inflation adjustment of this time series of AI investments therefore lets us understand the size of these investments relative to whatever else these sums of money could have purchased.",,,,string,[],0635c0e58e2cfe7db603d785304d18d4,c74e617fe1e507e10ed1ff5ee0b5ba0c
959814,FP32 performance,FLOP/s,,2024-07-29 11:40:03,2024-07-29 11:40:03,,,,6640,,,"{""unit"": ""FLOP/s"", ""zeroDay"": ""2000-01-01"", ""yearIsDay"": true, ""numDecimalPlaces"": 0}",0,,,fp32__single_precision__performance__flop_s,grapher/artificial_intelligence/2024-07-11/epoch_gpus/epoch_gpus#fp32__single_precision__performance__flop_s,,2,major,,,,,,The number of floating-point operations per second that can be performed by the GPU. FLOP/s values refer to 32-bit (full) precision.,,[],"- Reporting a time series of AI investments in nominal prices (i.e., without adjusting for inflation) means it makes little sense to compare observations across time; it is therefore not very useful. To make comparisons across time possible, one has to take into account that prices change (e.g., there is inflation).
- It is not obvious how to adjust this time series for inflation, and we debated it at some length within our team.
- It would be straightforward to adjust the time series for price changes if we knew the prices of the specific goods and services that these investments purchased. This would make it possible to calculate a volume measure of AI investments, and it would tell us how much these investments bought. But such a metric is not available. While a comprehensive price index is not available, we know that the cost for some crucial AI technology has fallen rapidly in price.
- In the absence of a comprehensive price index that captures the price of AI-specific goods and services, one has to rely on one of the available metrics for the price of a bundle of goods and services. In the end we decided to use the US Consumer Price Index (CPI).
- The US CPI does not provide us with a volume measure of AI goods and services, but it does capture the opportunity costs of these investments. The inflation adjustment of this time series of AI investments therefore lets us understand the size of these investments relative to whatever else these sums of money could have purchased.",,,,float,[],f14ca0efd229c3761a7f4f0055c22963,fcb1ac2ca868e0b1592079c442b547f2