id,name,unit,description,createdAt,updatedAt,code,coverage,timespan,datasetId,sourceId,shortUnit,display,columnOrder,originalMetadata,grapherConfigAdmin,shortName,catalogPath,dimensions,schemaVersion,processingLevel,processingLog,titlePublic,titleVariant,attributionShort,attribution,descriptionShort,descriptionFromProducer,descriptionKey,descriptionProcessing,licenses,license,grapherConfigETL,type,sort,dataChecksum,metadataChecksum 417584,Polio surveillance status,,"This variable shows the status of polio surveillance in the country, according to the WHO recommendations. Screening is defined by the non-polio AFP rate. The non-polio acute flaccid paralysis (AFP) rate is the number of AFP cases attributed to non-polio causes per 100,000 children under the age of 15. Testing is defined by the percentage adequate stool collection. To test cases of paralytic polio (acute flaccid paralysis in a child under the age of 15 or person of any age suspected to have polio) for the presence of poliovirus, it is recommended by the WHO that two stool samples are taken, between 24–48 hours apart, within 14 days of the onset of paralysis, and tested in a WHO-accredited laboratory. The proportion of AFP cases that meet this criteria is called the % adequate stool collection. These are sourced from: World Health Organization extranet case count: https://extranet.who.int/polis/public/CaseCount.aspx The WHO recommends that the non-polio AFP rate should be at least 2 per 100,000 children in endemic countries. They also recommend that the percentage adequate stool collection should be at least 80%. See: WHO-recommended surveillance standard of poliomyelitis. (n.d.). World Health Organization. https://web.archive.org/web/20210423203212/https://www.who.int/immunization/monitoring_surveillance/burden/vpd/surveillance_type/active/poliomyelitis_standards/en/ Therefore, a country is considered to have adequate screening if it has a non-polio AFP rate of at least 2 per 100,000 children. A country is considered to have adequate testing if it has a percentage adequate stool collection of at least 80%. Countries are labelled 'low risk' if they were considered low risk by the risk assessment carried out for the 2022 GPEI surveillance action plan: https://polioeradication.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/05/GPSAP-2022-2024-EN.pdf (page 12 and 53). This risk assessment is based on criteria such as polio prevalence, vaccination rates, country measures (governance, economy, healthcare), surveillance, expert input from GPEI.",2022-04-29 10:15:46,2023-06-15 05:05:42,,,,5573,21964,,"{""includeInTable"": true}",0,,,,,,1,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 414013,Year of last recorded case of wild polio,,"This excludes polio cases imported from other countries. Switzerland's data point was missing in the original dataset and was obtained from the WHO (2017) time series dataset ""Reported Cases of Selected Vaccine Preventable Diseases (VPDs)"" which can be found under point ""3.1 Reported incidence time series"" here: http://www.who.int/immunization/monitoring_surveillance/data/en/ Somalia was listed twice in the GPEI table, so again the WHO (2017) dataset cited above was consulted to make out which year was in fact the correct information. Timor's datapoint originally read ""pre 1985"" and was replaced with 1985 for this visualization. Polio remains endemic in two countries as of 2021: Afghanistan and Pakistan. Malawi recorded a case in 2021, but the case was genetically linked to poliovirus samples seen in Pakistan and Malawi has not yet seen evidence of further circulation. Therefore it is labeled polio affected in this dataset. Source: http://polioeradication.org/where-we-work/polio-free-countries/ https://polioeradication.org/where-we-work/malawi/",2022-04-06 12:57:47,2023-06-15 05:05:42,,,,5573,21964,,"{""includeInTable"": true}",0,,,,,,1,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 414012,Polio status,,"The certification of being polio-free is done by the WHO by region and not by country (and only three years after the last case of polio was recorded). This means there are three polio statuses: endemic, polio-free (WHO Region not yet certified) and polio-free with the WHO Region of the country also certified polio-free. Polio-free (not certified) in yellow refers to the time period after the last case of paralytic polio was recorded and before the WHO region was certified polio-free. Source: http://polioeradication.org/polio-today/preparing-for-a-polio-free-world/certification/ http://polioeradication.org/where-we-work/polio-free-countries/ The definition of WHO Regions can be found here: http://www.who.int/about/regions/en/",2022-04-06 12:57:47,2023-06-15 05:05:42,,,,5573,21964,,"{""includeInTable"": true}",0,,,,,,1,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 414010,Total (estimated) polio cases per million,,"Since the number of reported cases of paralytic polio can be an underestimate of the number of actual cases, Tebbens et al. (2010) introduced a method to adjust for under-detection. (see: Duintjer Tebbens, R. J., Pallansch, M. A., Cochi, S. L., Wassilak, S. G. F., Linkins, J., Sutter, R. W., Aylward, R. B., & Thompson, K. M. (2010). Economic analysis of the global polio eradication initiative. Vaccine, 29(2), 334–343. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vaccine.2010.10.026) This method uses two of the indicators above (non-polio AFP rate and % adequate stool collection) to derive a 'correction factor'. The number of reported cases is multiplied by this correction factor to estimate the number of actual cases. From the time when WHO surveillance data was available until the year 1996, they applied a correction factor of 7 for all countries. After this, they applied a correction factor of 7 when a country reported a non-polio AFP rate <1 or a % adequate stool collection <60%. They applied a correction factor of 2 when a country reported a non-polio AFP rate <2 or a % adequate stool collection <80%. Otherwise, they applied a correction factor of 1.11. They also made two exceptions in footnote (a) of Table 1, justifying their use of a correction factor of 1.11 for China from 1989–1992 and Oman in 1988 because they had large active investigations into outbreaks. In their paper, they estimated cases from 1980–2009 for countries that received GPEI support. Here we apply this method to all countries that reported data to the WHO from 1980–2020. As surveillance data from the WHO is only available from 2000 onwards, we apply a correction factor of 7 for all countries until 2000 (excluding China and Oman during the periods when their reported cases were multiplied by 1.11 in Tebbens et al. 2010). Population by country, available from 1800 to 2021 based on Gapminder data, HYDE, and UN Population Division (2019) estimates. ",2022-04-05 15:09:16,2023-06-15 05:05:42,,,,5573,21964,,"{""name"": ""Estimated polio cases per million"", ""unit"": ""per million"", ""includeInTable"": true}",0,,,,,,1,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 414009,Total (reported) polio cases per million,,"Total paralytic polio cases refers to the sum of wild poliovirus cases and circulating vaccine-derived poliovirus cases. Circulating vaccine-derived poliovirus (cVDPV) cases refer to cases of paralytic polio who have been infected by a poliovirus strain that was derived from a vaccine and where there is evidence that the strain has undergone community transmission. This definition is described by the Global Polio Eradication Initiative (GPEI) here: https://web.archive.org/web/20220306074558/https://polioeradication.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/09/Reporting-and-Classification-of-VDPVs_Aug2016_EN.pdf Wild poliovirus cases refer to cases of paralytic polio who have been infected by a wild poliovirus strain. Strains that are not considered vaccine-derived are considered wild poliovirus. Source: World Health Organization: http://www.who.int/entity/immunization/monitoring_surveillance/data/incidence_series.xls?ua=1 ",2022-04-05 15:09:16,2023-06-15 05:05:42,,,,5573,21964,,"{""name"": ""Reported polio cases per million"", ""unit"": ""per million"", ""includeInTable"": true}",0,,,,,,1,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 414008,Total circulating vaccine-derived poliovirus cases per million,,"Circulating vaccine-derived poliovirus (cVDPV) cases refer to cases of paralytic polio who have been infected by a poliovirus strain that was derived from a vaccine and where there is evidence that the strain has undergone community transmission. These are defined in several steps: if a child under the age of 15 presents with acute flaccid paralysis (AFP) or someone of any age presents with paralysis that is suspected to be polio, they are considered a suspected case of paralytic polio. Two stool samples are taken (between 24–48 hours apart) from these suspected cases within 15 days of the onset of paralysis and tested for the presence of the poliovirus. This process is described by the World Health Organization here: https://web.archive.org/web/20210423203212/https://www.who.int/immunization/monitoring_surveillance/burden/vpd/surveillance_type/active/poliomyelitis_standards/en/ To identify whether those strains have been derived from a vaccine (VDPV), the genome sequence of the sample is compared to that of the strains in the oral poliovirus vaccine. If there is a divergence* between the strain isolated from a case and the strain used in the vaccine, the isolated virus is considered vaccine derived. To identify whether there has been community transmission (cVDPV), there must be genetically-linked VDPVs from: at least two individuals who are not direct (household) contacts, from one individual and one environmental sample, or from two environmental samples taken at different times or from different sites. cVDPVs are categorized according to which of the 3 strains of the OPV they are derived from (cVDPV1, cVDPV2, or cVDPV3). Data is available for all cVDPVs since 2000, and for each cVDPV individually since 2016. This definition is described by the Global Polio Eradication Initiative (GPEI) here: https://web.archive.org/web/20220306074558/https://polioeradication.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/09/Reporting-and-Classification-of-VDPVs_Aug2016_EN.pdf Source: Data from 2016–2021 comes from the Global Polio Eradication Initiative (GPEI) reports: ​​https://polioeradication.org/polio-today/polio-now/this-week/circulating-vaccine-derived-poliovirus/ Combined data from all three strains is available from 2001–2015 and comes from the WHO extranet case count: https://extranet.who.int/polis/public/CaseCount.aspx Population by country, available from 1800 to 2021 based on Gapminder data, HYDE, and UN Population Division (2019) estimates. ",2022-04-05 15:09:16,2023-06-15 05:05:42,,,,5573,21964,,"{""name"": ""Total cVDPV cases per million"", ""unit"": ""per million"", ""includeInTable"": true}",0,,,,,,1,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 414007,Circulating vaccine-derived poliovirus strain 3 cases per million,,"Circulating vaccine-derived poliovirus (cVDPV) cases refer to cases of paralytic polio who have been infected by a poliovirus strain that was derived from a vaccine and where there is evidence that the strain has undergone community transmission. These are defined in several steps: if a child under the age of 15 presents with acute flaccid paralysis (AFP) or someone of any age presents with paralysis that is suspected to be polio, they are considered a suspected case of paralytic polio. Two stool samples are taken (between 24–48 hours apart) from these suspected cases within 15 days of the onset of paralysis and tested for the presence of the poliovirus. This process is described by the World Health Organization here: https://web.archive.org/web/20210423203212/https://www.who.int/immunization/monitoring_surveillance/burden/vpd/surveillance_type/active/poliomyelitis_standards/en/ To identify whether those strains have been derived from a vaccine (VDPV), the genome sequence of the sample is compared to that of the strains in the oral poliovirus vaccine. If there is a divergence* between the strain isolated from a case and the strain used in the vaccine, the isolated virus is considered vaccine derived. To identify whether there has been community transmission (cVDPV), there must be genetically-linked VDPVs from: at least two individuals who are not direct (household) contacts, from one individual and one environmental sample, or from two environmental samples taken at different times or from different sites. cVDPVs are categorized according to which of the 3 strains of the OPV they are derived from (cVDPV1, cVDPV2, or cVDPV3). Data is available for all cVDPVs since 2000, and for each cVDPV individually since 2016. This definition is described by the Global Polio Eradication Initiative (GPEI) here: https://web.archive.org/web/20220306074558/https://polioeradication.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/09/Reporting-and-Classification-of-VDPVs_Aug2016_EN.pdf Source: Data from 2016–2021 comes from the Global Polio Eradication Initiative (GPEI) reports: ​​https://polioeradication.org/polio-today/polio-now/this-week/circulating-vaccine-derived-poliovirus/ Data from 2001–2015 comes from the WHO extranet case count: https://extranet.who.int/polis/public/CaseCount.aspx Population by country, available from 1800 to 2021 based on Gapminder data, HYDE, and UN Population Division (2019) estimates. ",2022-04-05 15:09:16,2023-06-15 05:05:42,,,,5573,21964,,"{""name"": ""cVDPV3 cases per million"", ""unit"": ""per million"", ""includeInTable"": true}",0,,,,,,1,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 414006,Circulating vaccine-derived poliovirus strain 2 cases per million,,"Circulating vaccine-derived poliovirus (cVDPV) cases refer to cases of paralytic polio who have been infected by a poliovirus strain that was derived from a vaccine and where there is evidence that the strain has undergone community transmission. These are defined in several steps: if a child under the age of 15 presents with acute flaccid paralysis (AFP) or someone of any age presents with paralysis that is suspected to be polio, they are considered a suspected case of paralytic polio. Two stool samples are taken (between 24–48 hours apart) from these suspected cases within 15 days of the onset of paralysis and tested for the presence of the poliovirus. This process is described by the World Health Organization here: https://web.archive.org/web/20210423203212/https://www.who.int/immunization/monitoring_surveillance/burden/vpd/surveillance_type/active/poliomyelitis_standards/en/ To identify whether those strains have been derived from a vaccine (VDPV), the genome sequence of the sample is compared to that of the strains in the oral poliovirus vaccine. If there is a divergence* between the strain isolated from a case and the strain used in the vaccine, the isolated virus is considered vaccine derived. To identify whether there has been community transmission (cVDPV), there must be genetically-linked VDPVs from: at least two individuals who are not direct (household) contacts, from one individual and one environmental sample, or from two environmental samples taken at different times or from different sites. cVDPVs are categorized according to which of the 3 strains of the OPV they are derived from (cVDPV1, cVDPV2, or cVDPV3). Data is available for all cVDPVs since 2000, and for each cVDPV individually since 2016. This definition is described by the Global Polio Eradication Initiative (GPEI) here: https://web.archive.org/web/20220306074558/https://polioeradication.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/09/Reporting-and-Classification-of-VDPVs_Aug2016_EN.pdf Source: Data from 2016–2021 comes from the Global Polio Eradication Initiative (GPEI) reports: ​​https://polioeradication.org/polio-today/polio-now/this-week/circulating-vaccine-derived-poliovirus/ Data from 2001–2015 comes from the WHO extranet case count: https://extranet.who.int/polis/public/CaseCount.aspx Population by country, available from 1800 to 2021 based on Gapminder data, HYDE, and UN Population Division (2019) estimates. ",2022-04-05 15:09:16,2023-06-15 05:05:42,,,,5573,21964,,"{""name"": ""cVDPV2 cases per million"", ""unit"": ""per million"", ""includeInTable"": true}",0,,,,,,1,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 414005,Circulating vaccine-derived poliovirus strain 1 cases per million,,"Circulating vaccine-derived poliovirus (cVDPV) cases refer to cases of paralytic polio who have been infected by a poliovirus strain that was derived from a vaccine and where there is evidence that the strain has undergone community transmission. These are defined in several steps: if a child under the age of 15 presents with acute flaccid paralysis (AFP) or someone of any age presents with paralysis that is suspected to be polio, they are considered a suspected case of paralytic polio. Two stool samples are taken (between 24–48 hours apart) from these suspected cases within 15 days of the onset of paralysis and tested for the presence of the poliovirus. This process is described by the World Health Organization here: https://web.archive.org/web/20210423203212/https://www.who.int/immunization/monitoring_surveillance/burden/vpd/surveillance_type/active/poliomyelitis_standards/en/ To identify whether those strains have been derived from a vaccine (VDPV), the genome sequence of the sample is compared to that of the strains in the oral poliovirus vaccine. If there is a divergence* between the strain isolated from a case and the strain used in the vaccine, the isolated virus is considered vaccine derived. To identify whether there has been community transmission (cVDPV), there must be genetically-linked VDPVs from: at least two individuals who are not direct (household) contacts, from one individual and one environmental sample, or from two environmental samples taken at different times or from different sites. cVDPVs are categorized according to which of the 3 strains of the OPV they are derived from (cVDPV1, cVDPV2, or cVDPV3). Data is available for all cVDPVs since 2000, and for each cVDPV individually since 2016. This definition is described by the Global Polio Eradication Initiative (GPEI) here: https://web.archive.org/web/20220306074558/https://polioeradication.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/09/Reporting-and-Classification-of-VDPVs_Aug2016_EN.pdf Source: Data from 2016–2021 comes from the Global Polio Eradication Initiative (GPEI) reports: ​​https://polioeradication.org/polio-today/polio-now/this-week/circulating-vaccine-derived-poliovirus/ Data from 2001–2015 comes from the WHO extranet case count: https://extranet.who.int/polis/public/CaseCount.aspx Population by country, available from 1800 to 2021 based on Gapminder data, HYDE, and UN Population Division (2019) estimates. ",2022-04-05 15:09:16,2023-06-15 05:05:42,,,,5573,21964,,"{""name"": ""cVDPV1 cases per million"", ""unit"": ""per million"", ""includeInTable"": true}",0,,,,,,1,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 414004,Wild polio cases per million,,"Wild poliovirus cases refer to cases of paralytic polio who have been infected by a wild poliovirus strain. These are identified in several steps: if a child under the age of 15 presents with acute flaccid paralysis (AFP) or an adult presents with paralysis that is suspected to be polio, they are considered a suspected case of paralytic polio. Two stool samples are taken (between 24–48 hours apart) within 15 days of the onset of paralysis and tested for the presence of the poliovirus. This process is described by the World Health Organization here: https://web.archive.org/web/20210423203212/https://www.who.int/immunization/monitoring_surveillance/burden/vpd/surveillance_type/active/poliomyelitis_standards/en/ Strains that are not considered vaccine-derived are considered wild poliovirus. Source: World Health Organization extranet case count: https://extranet.who.int/polis/public/CaseCount.aspx Population by country, available from 1800 to 2021 based on Gapminder data, HYDE, and UN Population Division (2019) estimates. ",2022-04-05 15:09:16,2023-06-15 05:05:42,,,,5573,21964,,"{""includeInTable"": true}",0,,,,,,1,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 414003,Total (estimated) polio cases,,"Since the number of reported cases of paralytic polio can be an underestimate of the number of actual cases, Tebbens et al. (2010) introduced a method to adjust for under-detection. (see: Duintjer Tebbens, R. J., Pallansch, M. A., Cochi, S. L., Wassilak, S. G. F., Linkins, J., Sutter, R. W., Aylward, R. B., & Thompson, K. M. (2010). Economic analysis of the global polio eradication initiative. Vaccine, 29(2), 334–343. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vaccine.2010.10.026) This method uses two of the indicators above (non-polio AFP rate and % adequate stool collection) to derive a 'correction factor'. The number of reported cases is multiplied by this correction factor to estimate the number of actual cases. From the time when WHO surveillance data was available until the year 1996, they applied a correction factor of 7 for all countries. After this, they applied a correction factor of 7 when a country reported a non-polio AFP rate <1 or a % adequate stool collection <60%. They applied a correction factor of 2 when a country reported a non-polio AFP rate <2 or a % adequate stool collection <80%. Otherwise, they applied a correction factor of 1.11. They also made two exceptions in footnote (a) of Table 1, justifying their use of a correction factor of 1.11 for China from 1989–1992 and Oman in 1988 because they had large active investigations into outbreaks. In their paper, they estimated cases from 1980–2009 for countries that received GPEI support. Here we apply this method to all countries that reported data to the WHO from 1980–2020. As surveillance data from the WHO is only available from 2000 onwards, we apply a correction factor of 7 for all countries until 2000 (excluding China and Oman during the periods when their reported cases were multiplied by 1.11 in Tebbens et al. 2010).",2022-04-05 15:09:16,2023-06-15 05:05:42,,,,5573,21964,,"{""name"": ""Estimated polio cases"", ""includeInTable"": true, ""numDecimalPlaces"": 0}",0,,,,,,1,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 414002,Correction factor,,"Since the number of reported cases of paralytic polio can be an underestimate of the number of actual cases, Tebbens et al. (2010) introduced a method to adjust for under-detection. (see: Duintjer Tebbens, R. J., Pallansch, M. A., Cochi, S. L., Wassilak, S. G. F., Linkins, J., Sutter, R. W., Aylward, R. B., & Thompson, K. M. (2010). Economic analysis of the global polio eradication initiative. Vaccine, 29(2), 334–343. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vaccine.2010.10.026). This method uses two indicators (non-polio AFP rate and % adequate stool collection) to derive a 'correction factor'. The number of reported cases is multiplied by this correction factor to estimate the number of actual cases. From the time when WHO surveillance data was available until the year 1996, they applied a correction factor of 7 for all countries. After this, they applied a correction factor of 7 when a country reported a non-polio AFP rate <1 or a % adequate stool collection <60%. They applied a correction factor of 2 when a country reported a non-polio AFP rate <2 or a % adequate stool collection <80%. Otherwise, they applied a correction factor of 1.11. They also made two exceptions in footnote (a) of Table 1, justifying their use of a correction factor of 1.11 for China from 1989–1992 and Oman in 1988 because they had large active investigations into outbreaks. In their paper, they estimated cases from 1980–2009 for countries that received GPEI support. Here we apply this method to all countries that reported data to the WHO from 1980–2020. As surveillance data from the WHO is only available from 2000 onwards, we apply a correction factor of 7 for all countries until 2000 (excluding China and Oman during the periods when their reported cases were multiplied by 1.11 in Tebbens et al. 2010).",2022-04-05 15:09:16,2023-06-15 05:05:42,,,,5573,21964,,"{""name"": ""Correction factor"", ""includeInTable"": true}",0,,,,,,1,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 414001,Total (reported) polio cases,,"Around 1 in 200 infections by the poliovirus result in paralysis. However, only infections that result in paralysis are considered cases of polio in the literature. To avoid confusion, these are labeled cases of paralytic polio. Total paralytic polio cases refers to the sum of wild poliovirus cases and circulating vaccine-derived poliovirus cases. Note that this includes cases that were imported from other countries, which is why some countries have cases reported after they were certified polio-free (for example, the USA recorded cases in the 1980s after polio was eradicated in the country in 1978). Circulating vaccine-derived poliovirus (cVDPV) cases refer to cases of paralytic polio who have been infected by a poliovirus strain that was derived from a vaccine and where there is evidence that the strain has undergone community transmission. This definition is described by the Global Polio Eradication Initiative (GPEI) here: https://web.archive.org/web/20220306074558/https://polioeradication.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/09/Reporting-and-Classification-of-VDPVs_Aug2016_EN.pdf Wild poliovirus cases refer to cases of paralytic polio who have been infected by a wild poliovirus strain. Strains that are not considered vaccine-derived are considered wild poliovirus. Source: World Health Organization: https://web.archive.org/web/20220308050708/https://www.who.int/immunization/monitoring_surveillance/data/incidence_series.xls Also available at: https://github.com/owid/notebooks/blob/main/FionaSpooner/polio_cases/data/incidence_series.xls",2022-04-05 15:09:16,2023-06-15 05:05:42,,,,5573,21964,,"{""name"": ""Reported polio cases"", ""includeInTable"": true, ""numDecimalPlaces"": 0}",0,,,,,,1,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 414000,AFP cases with adequate stool collection,,"To test cases of paralytic polio (acute flaccid paralysis in a child under the age of 15 or person of any age suspected to have polio) for the presence of poliovirus, it is recommended by the WHO that two stool samples are taken, between 24–48 hours apart, within 14 days of the onset of paralysis, and tested in a WHO-accredited laboratory. The proportion of AFP cases that meet this criteria is called the % adequate stool collection. This variable is updated annually, but cases from the most recent year often have data that is pending. This data was last updated on 30 May 2022. Source: World Health Organization extranet case count: https://extranet.who.int/polis/public/CaseCount.aspx",2022-04-05 15:09:16,2023-06-15 05:05:42,,,,5573,21964,,"{""name"": ""Adequate stool collection"", ""unit"": ""%"", ""shortUnit"": ""%"", ""includeInTable"": true, ""numDecimalPlaces"": 0}",0,,,,,,1,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 413999,Non-polio acute flaccid paralysis (AFP) rate,,"The non-polio acute flaccid paralysis (AFP) rate is the number of AFP cases attributed to non-polio causes per 100,000 children under the age of 15. Acute flaccid paralysis (AFP) can have multiple causes, which include poliovirus, Guillain-Barré syndrome and trauma. To track polio, it is recommended by the World Health Organization that all cases of AFP in children under 15, and all cases of paralysis in someone of any age who is suspected to have polio, are followed up and tested for polio. Two stool samples are taken (between 24–48 hours apart) from these suspected cases within 15 days of the onset of paralysis and tested for the presence of the poliovirus. This process is described by the World Health Organization here: https://web.archive.org/web/20210423203212/https://www.who.int/immunization/monitoring_surveillance/burden/vpd/surveillance_type/active/poliomyelitis_standards/en/ Since other causes of AFP are relatively stable, this means that the number of AFP cases that are attributed to other causes can tell us about the degree to which AFP is detected. This metric is measured by the number of non-polio AFP cases per 100,000 children under the age of 15, and is known as the non-polio AFP rate. The WHO recommends that this rate should be at least 1 in all countries, to indicate that AFP is being detected sufficiently. In endemic countries, they recommend this rate should be at least 2. This variable is updated annually, but cases from the most recent year often have data that is pending. This data was last updated on 30 May 2022. Source: World Health Organization extranet case count: https://extranet.who.int/polis/public/CaseCount.aspx",2022-04-05 15:09:16,2023-06-15 05:05:42,,,,5573,21964,,"{""name"": ""Non-polio AFP rate"", ""unit"": ""per 100,000"", ""includeInTable"": true, ""entityAnnotationsMap"": ""Libya: something weird""}",0,,,,,,1,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 413998,Wild poliovirus cases,,"Wild poliovirus cases refer to cases of paralytic polio who have been infected by a wild poliovirus strain. Around 1 in 200 infections by the poliovirus result in paralysis. However, only infections that result in paralysis are considered cases of polio in the literature. To avoid confusion, these are labeled cases of paralytic polio. These are identified in several steps: if a child under the age of 15 presents with acute flaccid paralysis (AFP) or an adult presents with paralysis that is suspected to be polio, they are considered a suspected case of paralytic polio. Two stool samples are taken (between 24–48 hours apart) within 15 days of the onset of paralysis and tested for the presence of the poliovirus. This process is described by the World Health Organization here: https://web.archive.org/web/20210423203212/https://www.who.int/immunization/monitoring_surveillance/burden/vpd/surveillance_type/active/poliomyelitis_standards/en/ Strains that are not considered vaccine-derived are considered wild poliovirus. Source: World Health Organization extranet case count: https://extranet.who.int/polis/public/CaseCount.aspx",2022-04-05 15:09:16,2023-06-15 05:05:42,,,,5573,21964,,"{""includeInTable"": true, ""numDecimalPlaces"": 0}",0,,,,,,1,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 413997,Total circulating vaccine-derived poliovirus cases,,"Circulating vaccine-derived poliovirus (cVDPV) cases refer to cases of paralytic polio who have been infected by a poliovirus strain that was derived from a vaccine and where there is evidence that the strain has undergone community transmission. These are defined in several steps: if a child under the age of 15 presents with acute flaccid paralysis (AFP) or someone of any age presents with paralysis that is suspected to be polio, they are considered a suspected case of paralytic polio. Two stool samples are taken (between 24–48 hours apart) from these suspected cases within 15 days of the onset of paralysis and tested for the presence of the poliovirus. This process is described by the World Health Organization here: https://web.archive.org/web/20210423203212/https://www.who.int/immunization/monitoring_surveillance/burden/vpd/surveillance_type/active/poliomyelitis_standards/en/ To identify whether those strains have been derived from a vaccine (VDPV), the genome sequence of the sample is compared to that of the strains in the oral poliovirus vaccine. If there is a divergence* between the strain isolated from a case and the strain used in the vaccine, the isolated virus is considered vaccine derived. To identify whether there has been community transmission (cVDPV), there must be genetically-linked VDPVs from: at least two individuals who are not direct (household) contacts, from one individual and one environmental sample, or from two environmental samples taken at different times or from different sites. cVDPVs are categorized according to which of the 3 strains of the OPV they are derived from (cVDPV1, cVDPV2, or cVDPV3). Data is available for all cVDPVs since 2000, and for each cVDPV individually since 2016. This definition is described by the Global Polio Eradication Initiative (GPEI) here: https://web.archive.org/web/20220306074558/https://polioeradication.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/09/Reporting-and-Classification-of-VDPVs_Aug2016_EN.pdf Source: Data from 2016–2021 comes from the Global Polio Eradication Initiative (GPEI) reports: ​​https://polioeradication.org/polio-today/polio-now/this-week/circulating-vaccine-derived-poliovirus/ Combined data from all three strains is available from 2001–2015 and comes from the WHO extranet case count: https://extranet.who.int/polis/public/CaseCount.aspx ",2022-04-05 15:09:16,2023-06-15 05:05:42,,,,5573,21964,,"{""name"": ""cVDPV cases (all strains)"", ""includeInTable"": true, ""numDecimalPlaces"": 0}",0,,,,,,1,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 413996,Circulating vaccine-derived poliovirus strain 3 cases,,"Circulating vaccine-derived poliovirus (cVDPV) cases refer to cases of paralytic polio who have been infected by a poliovirus strain that was derived from a vaccine and where there is evidence that the strain has undergone community transmission. These are defined in several steps: if a child under the age of 15 presents with acute flaccid paralysis (AFP) or someone of any age presents with paralysis that is suspected to be polio, they are considered a suspected case of paralytic polio. Two stool samples are taken (between 24–48 hours apart) from these suspected cases within 15 days of the onset of paralysis and tested for the presence of the poliovirus. This process is described by the World Health Organization here: https://web.archive.org/web/20210423203212/https://www.who.int/immunization/monitoring_surveillance/burden/vpd/surveillance_type/active/poliomyelitis_standards/en/ To identify whether those strains have been derived from a vaccine (VDPV), the genome sequence of the sample is compared to that of the strains in the oral poliovirus vaccine. If there is a divergence* between the strain isolated from a case and the strain used in the vaccine, the isolated virus is considered vaccine derived. To identify whether there has been community transmission (cVDPV), there must be genetically-linked VDPVs from: at least two individuals who are not direct (household) contacts, from one individual and one environmental sample, or from two environmental samples taken at different times or from different sites. cVDPVs are categorized according to which of the 3 strains of the OPV they are derived from (cVDPV1, cVDPV2, or cVDPV3). Data is available for all cVDPVs since 2000, and for each cVDPV individually since 2016. This definition is described by the Global Polio Eradication Initiative (GPEI) here: https://web.archive.org/web/20220306074558/https://polioeradication.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/09/Reporting-and-Classification-of-VDPVs_Aug2016_EN.pdf Source: Data from 2016–2021 comes from the Global Polio Eradication Initiative (GPEI) reports: ​​https://polioeradication.org/polio-today/polio-now/this-week/circulating-vaccine-derived-poliovirus/ Data from 2001–2015 comes from the WHO extranet case count: https://extranet.who.int/polis/public/CaseCount.aspx ",2022-04-05 15:09:16,2023-06-15 05:05:42,,,,5573,21964,,"{""name"": ""cVDPV3 cases"", ""includeInTable"": true, ""numDecimalPlaces"": 0}",0,,,,,,1,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 413995,Circulating vaccine-derived poliovirus strain 2 cases,,"Circulating vaccine-derived poliovirus (cVDPV) cases refer to cases of paralytic polio who have been infected by a poliovirus strain that was derived from a vaccine and where there is evidence that the strain has undergone community transmission. These are defined in several steps: if a child under the age of 15 presents with acute flaccid paralysis (AFP) or someone of any age presents with paralysis that is suspected to be polio, they are considered a suspected case of paralytic polio. Two stool samples are taken (between 24–48 hours apart) from these suspected cases within 15 days of the onset of paralysis and tested for the presence of the poliovirus. This process is described by the World Health Organization here: https://web.archive.org/web/20210423203212/https://www.who.int/immunization/monitoring_surveillance/burden/vpd/surveillance_type/active/poliomyelitis_standards/en/ To identify whether those strains have been derived from a vaccine (VDPV), the genome sequence of the sample is compared to that of the strains in the oral poliovirus vaccine. If there is a divergence* between the strain isolated from a case and the strain used in the vaccine, the isolated virus is considered vaccine derived. To identify whether there has been community transmission (cVDPV), there must be genetically-linked VDPVs from: at least two individuals who are not direct (household) contacts, from one individual and one environmental sample, or from two environmental samples taken at different times or from different sites. cVDPVs are categorized according to which of the 3 strains of the OPV they are derived from (cVDPV1, cVDPV2, or cVDPV3). Data is available for all cVDPVs since 2000, and for each cVDPV individually since 2016. This definition is described by the Global Polio Eradication Initiative (GPEI) here: https://web.archive.org/web/20220306074558/https://polioeradication.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/09/Reporting-and-Classification-of-VDPVs_Aug2016_EN.pdf Source: Data from 2016–2021 comes from the Global Polio Eradication Initiative (GPEI) reports: ​​https://polioeradication.org/polio-today/polio-now/this-week/circulating-vaccine-derived-poliovirus/ Data from 2001–2015 comes from the WHO extranet case count: https://extranet.who.int/polis/public/CaseCount.aspx ",2022-04-05 15:09:16,2023-06-15 05:05:42,,,,5573,21964,,"{""name"": ""cVDPV2 cases"", ""includeInTable"": true, ""numDecimalPlaces"": 0}",0,,,,,,1,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 413994,Circulating vaccine-derived poliovirus strain 1 cases,,"Circulating vaccine-derived poliovirus (cVDPV) cases refer to cases of paralytic polio who have been infected by a poliovirus strain that was derived from a vaccine and where there is evidence that the strain has undergone community transmission. These are defined in several steps: if a child under the age of 15 presents with acute flaccid paralysis (AFP) or someone of any age presents with paralysis that is suspected to be polio, they are considered a suspected case of paralytic polio. Two stool samples are taken (between 24–48 hours apart) from these suspected cases within 15 days of the onset of paralysis and tested for the presence of the poliovirus. This process is described by the World Health Organization here: https://web.archive.org/web/20210423203212/https://www.who.int/immunization/monitoring_surveillance/burden/vpd/surveillance_type/active/poliomyelitis_standards/en/ To identify whether those strains have been derived from a vaccine (VDPV), the genome sequence of the sample is compared to that of the strains in the oral poliovirus vaccine. If there is a divergence* between the strain isolated from a case and the strain used in the vaccine, the isolated virus is considered vaccine derived. To identify whether there has been community transmission (cVDPV), there must be genetically-linked VDPVs from: at least two individuals who are not direct (household) contacts, from one individual and one environmental sample, or from two environmental samples taken at different times or from different sites. cVDPVs are categorized according to which of the 3 strains of the OPV they are derived from (cVDPV1, cVDPV2, or cVDPV3). Data is available for all cVDPVs since 2000, and for each cVDPV individually since 2016. This definition is described by the Global Polio Eradication Initiative (GPEI) here: https://web.archive.org/web/20220306074558/https://polioeradication.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/09/Reporting-and-Classification-of-VDPVs_Aug2016_EN.pdf Source: Data from 2016–2021 comes from the Global Polio Eradication Initiative (GPEI) reports: ​​https://polioeradication.org/polio-today/polio-now/this-week/circulating-vaccine-derived-poliovirus/ Data from 2001–2015 comes from the WHO extranet case count: https://extranet.who.int/polis/public/CaseCount.aspx ",2022-04-05 15:09:16,2023-06-15 05:05:42,,,,5573,21964,,"{""name"": ""cVDPV1 cases"", ""includeInTable"": true, ""numDecimalPlaces"": 0}",0,,,,,,1,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,