sources

{
    "link": "https://ophi.org.uk/multidimensional-poverty-index/",
    "retrievedDate": "2022-10-28",
    "additionalInfo": "The global Multidimensional Poverty Index (MPI) is an international measure of acute multidimensional poverty covering over 100 developing countries. It complements traditional monetary poverty measures by capturing the acute deprivations in health, education, and living standards that a person faces simultaneously.\n\n<h4>How is multidimensional poverty defined?</h4>\nBeing \u2018MPI poor\u2019 means that a person is deprived in a third or more of ten indicators, grouped into three dimensions: \n<ul>\n    <li><strong>Health</strong> \u2013 using two indicators: nutrition, child mortality \n    <li><strong>Education</strong> \u2013 using two indicators: years of schooling, school attendance\n    <li><strong>Living standards</strong> \u2013 using five indicators: cooking fuel, sanitation, drinking water, electricity, housing, assets.</li>\n</ul>\nHouseholds are assessed as being deprived in a given indicator if they do not meet a certain threshold for that indicator. For instance, a household is deprived in the <em>Years of schooling</em> indicator if no household member has completed six years of schooling. A person is considered deprived in the <em>Cooking fuel</em> indicator if they cook using solid fuel, such as dung, agricultural crops, wood, charcoal, or coal. The thresholds for each indicator are published by OPHI in their <a href=\"https://www.ophi.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/OPHI_MPI_MN_54_2022.pdf\">methodological notes</a>.\n\nThe individual indicators are not \u2018weighted\u2019 equally: When adding up the number of indicators in which a person is deprived, some count for more than others. Health and education indicators are given a weight of 1/6, while the indicators within the living standards dimension are given a weight of 1/18. This means that the three dimensions \u2013 health, education and living standards \u2013 have an equal weight in the total of one-third each.\n\nIf the household survey data being used is missing any of the 10 indicators, that indicator is dropped from the calculation. The weights are then adjusted so that each dimension continues to be given a weight of one-third. MPI poverty estimates are only calculated if at least one indicator in each dimension is available.\n\nThe global MPI was developed by OPHI with the UN Development Programme (UNDP) for inclusion in UNDP\u2019s flagship Human Development Report in 2010. It has been published annually by OPHI and in the HDRs ever since.\n\nThis is the HOT dataset, which contains the \"harmonised over time\" estimates, i.e. what on OPHI's website is called \"changes over time\".",
    "dataPublishedBy": "Alkire, S., Kanagaratnam, U., and Suppa, N. (2022). \u2018The global Multidimensional Poverty Index (MPI) 2022 country results and methodological note\u2019, OPHI MPI Methodological Note 52, Oxford Poverty and Human Development Initiative, University of Oxford.",
    "dataPublisherSource": "Demographic and Health Surveys (DHS), Multiple Indicator Cluster Surveys (MICS), and national surveys"
}