sources

{
    "retrievedDate": "10/1/20",
    "additionalInfo": "This dataset contains estimates of the frequency of violent deaths due to murder or war in modern and prehistoric state and non-state societies, based on archaeological and ethnographic evidence.\n\nFor modern state societies, homicide rates are routinely published by statistical offices or other state agencies, and reliable data on war deaths are published by research institutes. For non-state societies, we generally have two different sources of information: for the more recent past (since the late 19th century), abundant ethnographic evidence is available; for the more distant past, we have evidence from archaeological sites and skeletal remains.\n\nThe main sources for this dataset are as follows:\n- Bowles (2009) \u2013 Did Warfare Among Ancestral Hunter-Gatherers Affect the Evolution of Human Social Behaviors?. In Science, 324, 5932, 1293\u20131298.\n- Gat (2006) \u2013 War in Human Civilization. Oxford University Press, USA.\n- Knauft, Bruce M. et al (1987) \u2013 Reconsidering Violence in Simple Human Societies: Homicide among the Gebusi of New Guinea. In Current Anthropology, 28, 4, 457-500.\n- Keeley (1997) \u2013 War Before Civilization: The Myth of the Peaceful Savage. Oxford University Press, USA.\n- Pinker (2011) \u2013 The Better Angels of Our Nature: Why Violence Has Declined. Viking.\n- Walker and Bailey (2013) \u2013 Body counts in lowland South American violence. In Evolution and Human Behavior, 34, 1, 29\u201334.",
    "dataPublishedBy": "Bowles, S. (2009), Gat, A. (2008), Knauft, B. M. et al (1987), Keeley, L. H. (1996), Pinker, S. (2011), and Walker, R. S., & Bailey, D. H. (2013)",
    "dataPublisherSource": "The original source of each data point is listed in the Data Sources section of the 'Ethnographic and Archaeological Evidence on Violent Deaths' page."
}