sources

{
    "link": "https://unstats.un.org/sdgs/indicators/database/",
    "retrievedDate": "15-November-19",
    "additionalInfo": " \n\nLast updated: 08 August 2018 \n\nGoal 9: Build resilient infrastructure, promote inclusive and sustainable industrialization and foster \ninnovation \nTarget 9.2: Promote inclusive and sustainable industrialization and, by 2030, significantly raise industry's \nshare of employment and gross domestic product, in line with national circumstances, and double its \nshare in least developed countries \nIndicator 9.2.2: Manufacturing employment as a proportion of total employment \n \nInstitutional information \n\n \nOrganization(s): \n \nUnited Nations Industrial Development Organization (UNIDO) \n(with the collaboration of the International Labour Organization \u2013 ILO) \n \nConcepts and definitions \n\n \nDefinition: \n \nThe indicator is represented by the share of manufacturing employment in total employment. \n \nRationale: \n \nThis indicator conveys the contribution of manufacturing in total employment. It measures the ability of \nthe manufacturing sector to absorb surplus labour forces from agricultural and other traditional sectors \ntowards production labour with higher wages, when monitored over time. However, in developed \ncountries an opposite trend is expected where emphasis has shifted to reduction in labor in \nmanufacturing as part of cost-cutting measures, to promote more capital-intensive industries.  \n \nConcepts: \n \nEmployment comprises all persons of working age who during a short reference period (one week), were \nengaged in any activity to produce goods or provide services for pay or profit. The working-age \npopulation is usually defined as all persons aged 15 and above. For further clarification, see: Resolution \nconcerning statistics of work, employment and labour underutilization (2013), available from \nhttp://ilo.org/global/statistics-and-databases/standards-and-guidelines/resolutions-adopted-by-\ninternational-conferences-of-labour-statisticians/WCMS_230304/lang--en/index.htm. No distinction is \nmade between persons employed full time and those working less than full time. \n \nManufacturing sector is defined according to the International Standard Industrial Classification of all \nEconomic Activities (ISIC) revision 4 (2008, the latest) or revision 3 (1990). It refers to industries belonging \nto sector C in revision 4 or sector D in revision 3. \n \nComments and limitations: \n \n\n\f \n\nLast updated: 08 August 2018 \n\nThe  characteristics  of  the  data  source  impact  the  international  comparability  of  the  data,  especially  in \ncases where the coverage of the source is less than comprehensive (either in terms of country territory or \neconomic  activities).  In  the  absence  of  a  labour  force  survey  (the  preferred  source  of  data  for  this \nindicator),  some  countries  may  use  an  establishment  survey  to  derive  this  indicator,  but  these  usually \nhave  a  minimum  establishement  size  cut-off  point  and  small  units  which  are  not  officially  registered \n(whether in manufacturing or not) would thus not be included in the survey. Consequently, employment \ndata  may  be  underestimated.  Discrepancies  can  also  be  caused  by  differences  in  the  definition  of \nemployment or the working\u2013age population.  \n \nMethodology \n\n \nComputation Method: \n \n\nTotal employment in manufacturing activities \n\nTotal employment in all economic activities\n\n\u2217 100 \n\n \nDisaggregation: \n \nThis indicator can be disaggregated by sex, occupation, and/or country region.  \n \nTreatment of missing values: \n \n\n\u2022  At country level \n\n \n\n \n\n \n\nMultivariate regression and cross-validation techniques are used to impute missing values at the \ncountry level. The additional variables used for the imputation include a range of indicators, including \nlabour market and economic data. However, the imputed missing country values are only used to \ncalculate the global and regional estimates; they are not used for international reporting on the SDG \nindicators by the ILO.  \nFor a more detailed methodological description, please refer to Trends Econometric Models: A Review \nof Methodology (ILO, Geneva, 2010), available at http://www.ilo.org/wcmsp5/groups/public/---\ned_emp/---emp_elm/---trends/documents/publication/wcms_120382.pdf . \n\n\u2022  At regional and global levels \n\nThe aggregates are derived from the Trends Econometric Models (TEM) that are used to produce global \nand regional estimates of, amongst others, employment by economic activity. These models use \nmultivariate regression and cross-validation techniques to impute missing values at the country level, \nwhich are then aggregated to produce regional and global estimates. The regional and global shares of \nemployment in manufacturing are obtained by first adding up, across countries, the numerator and \ndenominator of the formula that defines the manufacturing employment as a proportion of total \nemployment - outlined above. Once both magnitudes are produced at the desired level of aggregation, \nthe ratio between the two is used to compute the share for each regional grouping and the global level. \nNotice that this direct aggregation method can be used due to the imputation of missing observations. \nFor further information on the TEM, please refer to the technical background papers available at: \nhttp://www.ilo.org/empelm/projects/WCMS_114246/lang--en/index.htm. \n\n\f \n\nLast updated: 08 August 2018 \n\n \nRegional aggregates: \n \nThe ratio for global and regional aggregates is calculated after direct summation of country values within \ncountry groups. \n \nSources of discrepancies: \n \nThe difference may arise due to: a) discrepancies in data sources; b) ISIC Revision used by a country; c) \ninformal employment; d) coverage of data source (geographical coverage, economic activities covered, \ntypes of establishments covered, etc.); e) working-age population definition.. \n \nData Sources \n\n \nDescription: \nThe preferred official national data source for this indicator is a household-based labour force survey.  \nIn the absence of a labour force survey, a population census and/or other type of household survey with \nan appropriate employment module may also be used to obtain the required data.  \nWhere no household survey exists, establishment surveys or some types of administrative records may \nbe used to derive the required data, keeping into account the limitations of these sources in their \ncoverage. Specifically, these sources may exclude some types of establishments, establishments of \ncertain sizes, some economic activities or some geographical areas. \n \n \nCollection process: \n \n \nThe ILO Department of Statistics sends out its annual questionnaire on labour statistics to all relevant \nagencies within each country (national statistical office, labour ministry, etc.) requesting the latest annual \ndata and any revisions on numerous labour market topics and indicators, including many SDG indicators. \nIndicator 9.2.2 is calculated from statistics submitted to the ILO Department of \nStatistics via this questionnaire as well as through special agreements with regional and national \nstatistical offices or through ILO processing of microdatasets of national labour force surveys. \n \nUNIDO employment data are collected using General Industrial Statistics Questionnaire which is filled by \nNSOs and submitted to UNIDO annually.  \n \nData Availability \n\n \nDescription: \n \nData is available in ILOSTAT for around 170 countries and territories. \n \nTime series: \n \n\n\f \n\nLast updated: 08 August 2018 \n\nData for this indicator is available as of 2000 in the UN Global SDG Database, but longer time series are \navailable in ILOSTAT. \n \nCalendar \n\n \nData collection: \nThe ILO Department of Statistics sends out its annual questionnaire on labour statistics, usually in the 2nd \nquarter, with a view to receiving the requested statistics by the 3rd quarter or the end of the year at the \nlatest. Data received in batch from regional and national statistical offices and data obtained through the \nprocessing of microdata sets of national household surveys by the ILO Department of Statistics are \ncontinuously updated in ILOSTAT (as they become available to the ILO Department of Statistics). \n \n \nData release: \nThe ILO Department of Statistics' online database ILOSTAT is continuously updated to reflect statistics \ncompiled and processed every week. In general, statistics for EUROSTAT and OECD countries are available \naround the 2nd or 3rd quarter of the year following the year of reference, whereas they are usually \navailable around the 3rd or 4th quarter of the year following the year of reference for the other \ncountries. \n \nData providers \n\n \nMainly national statistical offices, and in some cases labour ministries or other related agencies, at the \ncountry-level. In some cases, regional or international statistical offices can also act as data providers. \n \n \n \nData compilers \n\n \nUnited Nations Industrial Development Organization (UNIDO) and International Labour Organization (ILO) \n \nReferences \n\n \nURL: \n \nwww.ilo.org/ilostat \nhttp://www.ilo.org/ilostat-files/Documents/description_ECO_EN.pdf \nwww.unido.org/statistics \nhttps://stat.unido.org/ \n \nReferences: \n \n\n\fLast updated: 08 August 2018 \n\n \n\n \n\n- \n\n- \n\n- \n- \n\n- \n\nILO Guidebook - Decent Work and the Sustainable Development Goals: A Guidebook on SDG \nLabour Market Indicators (https://www.ilo.org/stat/Publications/WCMS_647109/lang--\nen/index.htm ) \n\n-  Decent Work Indicators Manual: http://www.ilo.org/wcmsp5/groups/public/---dgreports/---\n\nstat/documents/publication/wcms_223121.pdf    \nResolution concerning statistics of work, employment and labour underutilization, adopted by \nthe 19th ICLS in 2013: http://www.ilo.org/global/statistics-and-databases/standards-and-\nguidelines/resolutions-adoptedby-international-conferences-of-labour-\nstatisticians/WCMS_230304/lang--en/index.htm  \nILOSTAT database: www.ilo.org/ilostat \nILOSTAT Metadata \u2013 Indicator Descriptions (http://www.ilo.org/ilostat-\nfiles/Documents/description_ECO_EN.pdf) \nInternational Standard Industrial Classification of All Economic Activities 2008 \n(https://unstats.un.org/unsd/publication/seriesm/seriesm_4rev4e.pdf) \n\n\f",
    "dataPublishedBy": "United Nations Statistics Division",
    "dataPublisherSource": null
}