sources

{
    "link": "https://unstats.un.org/sdgs/indicators/database/",
    "retrievedDate": "15-November-19",
    "additionalInfo": "Last updated: March 2019 \n\nGoal 8: Promote sustained, inclusive and sustainable economic growth, full and productive \nemployment and decent work for all \nTarget 8.6: By 2020, substantially reduce the proportion of youth not in employment, education or \ntraining \nIndicator 8.6.1: Proportion of youth (aged 15-24 years) not in education, employment or training \n \nInstitutional information \n\n \nOrganization(s): \nILO \n \nConcepts and definitions \n\n \nDefinition: \nThis indicator conveys the proportion of youth (aged 15-24 years) not in education, employment or \ntraining (also known as \"the youth NEET rate\"). \n \nRationale: \nThe share of youth not in employment, education or training (youth NEET rate) provides a measure of \nyouth who are outside the educational system, not in training and not in employment, and thus serves as \na broader measure of potential youth labour market entrants than youth unemployment. It includes \ndiscouraged worker youth as well as those who are outside the labour force due to disability and \nengagement in household chores, among other reasons. NEET is also a better measure of the current \nuniverse of potential youth labour market entrants as compared with the youth inactivity rate, as the \nlatter includes those youth who are outside the labour force and are in education, and thus are furthering \ntheir skills and qualifications. \n \nConcepts: \nFor the purposes of this indicator, youth is defined as all persons between the ages of 15 and 24 \n(inclusive). \nAccording to the International Standard Classification of Education (ISCED), education is defined as \norganized and sustained communication designed to bring about learning. Formal education is defined in \nISCED as education that is institutionalized, intentional, and planned through public organizations and \nrecognized private bodies and, in their totality, make up the formal education system of a country. \nNon-formal education, like formal education is defined in ISCED as education that is institutionalized, \nintentional and planned by an education provider but is considered an addition, alternative and/or a \ncomplement to formal education. It may be short in duration and/or low in intensity and it is typically \nprovided in the form of short courses, workshops or seminars. Informal learning is defined in ISCED as \nforms of learning that are intentional or deliberate, but not institutionalized. It is thus less organized and \nless structured than either formal or non-formal education. Informal learning may include learning \nactivities that occur in the family, in the work place, in the local community, and in daily life, on a self-\ndirected, family-directed or socially-directed basis. For the purposes of this indicator, persons will be \nconsidered in education if they are in formal or non-formal education, as described above, but excluding \ninformal learning. \n\n \n\n \n\n\fLast updated: March 2019 \n\n \nPersons in employment are defined as all those who, during a short reference period, such as one week \nor one day, performed work for others in exchange for pay or profit.  \n \nFor the purposes of this indicator, persons are considered to be in training if they are in a non-academic \nlearning activity through which they acquire specific skills intended for vocational or technical jobs. \nVocational training prepares trainees for jobs that are based on manual or practical activities, and for \nskilled operative jobs, both blue and white collar related to a specific trade, occupation or vocation. \nTechnical training on the other hand imparts learning that can be applied in intermediate-level jobs, in \nparticular those of technicians and middle managers. The coverage of vocational and technical training \nincludes only programmes that are solely school-based vocational and technical training. Employer-based \ntraining is, by definition, excluded from the scope of this indicator. \n \nComments and limitations: \nThe calculation of this indicator requires to have reliable information on both the labour market status \nand the participation in education or training of young persons. The quality of such information is heavily \ndependent on the questionnaire design, the sample size and design and the accuracy of respondents' \nanswers.  \nIn terms of the analysis of the indicator, in order to avoid misinterpreting it, it is important to bear in \nmind that it is composed of two different sub-groups (unemployed youth not in education or training and \nyouth outside the labour force not in education or training). The prevalence and composition of each sub-\ngroup would have policy implications, and thus, should also be considered when analysing the NEET rate. \n \nMethodology \n\n \nComputation Method: \nYouth NEET  rate\n\n \ud835\udc4c\ud835\udc5c\ud835\udc62\ud835\udc61\u210e \u2013 (\ud835\udc4c\ud835\udc5c\ud835\udc62\ud835\udc61\u210e \ud835\udc56\ud835\udc5b \ud835\udc52\ud835\udc5a\ud835\udc5d\ud835\udc59\ud835\udc5c\ud835\udc66\ud835\udc5a\ud835\udc52\ud835\udc5b\ud835\udc61 +  \ud835\udc4c\ud835\udc5c\ud835\udc62\ud835\udc61\u210e \ud835\udc5b\ud835\udc5c\ud835\udc61 \ud835\udc56\ud835\udc5b \ud835\udc52\ud835\udc5a\ud835\udc5d\ud835\udc59\ud835\udc5c\ud835\udc66\ud835\udc5a\ud835\udc52\ud835\udc5b\ud835\udc61 \ud835\udc4f\ud835\udc62\ud835\udc61 \ud835\udc56\ud835\udc5b \ud835\udc52\ud835\udc51\ud835\udc62\ud835\udc50\ud835\udc4e\ud835\udc61\ud835\udc56\ud835\udc5c\ud835\udc5b \ud835\udc5c\ud835\udc5f \ud835\udc61\ud835\udc5f\ud835\udc4e\ud835\udc56\ud835\udc5b\ud835\udc56\ud835\udc5b\ud835\udc54)\n\n  \u00d7 100 \n\n\ud835\udc4c\ud835\udc5c\ud835\udc62\ud835\udc61\u210e\n\n \nIt is important to note here that youth simultaneously in employment and education or training should \nnot be double counted when subtracted from the total number of youth. \nThe formula can also be expressed as: \n \nYouth NEET  rate\n\n=  \n\n=  \n\n\ud835\udc4c\ud835\udc5c\ud835\udc62\ud835\udc61\u210e\n\n\u00d7 100 \n \nDisaggregation: \nNo disaggregation specifically required for this indicator, although having it disaggregated by sex is \ndesirable, as is disaggregation by detailed age groups within the youth age band \n \nTreatment of missing values: \n \n\n\u2022  At country level \n\n \n\n \n\n(\ud835\udc48\ud835\udc5b\ud835\udc52\ud835\udc5a\ud835\udc5d\ud835\udc59\ud835\udc5c\ud835\udc66\ud835\udc52\ud835\udc51 \ud835\udc66\ud835\udc5c\ud835\udc62\ud835\udc61\u210e  +  \ud835\udc4c\ud835\udc5c\ud835\udc62\ud835\udc61\u210e \ud835\udc5c\ud835\udc62\ud835\udc61\ud835\udc60\ud835\udc56\ud835\udc51\ud835\udc52 \ud835\udc61\u210e\ud835\udc52 \ud835\udc59\ud835\udc4e\ud835\udc4f\ud835\udc5c\ud835\udc62\ud835\udc5f \ud835\udc53\ud835\udc5c\ud835\udc5f\ud835\udc50\ud835\udc52) \u2013 (\ud835\udc48\ud835\udc5b\ud835\udc52\ud835\udc5a\ud835\udc5d\ud835\udc59\ud835\udc5c\ud835\udc66\ud835\udc52\ud835\udc51 \ud835\udc66\ud835\udc5c\ud835\udc62\ud835\udc61\u210e \ud835\udc56\ud835\udc5b \ud835\udc52\ud835\udc51\ud835\udc62\ud835\udc50\ud835\udc4e\ud835\udc61\ud835\udc56\ud835\udc5c\ud835\udc5b \ud835\udc5c\ud835\udc5f \ud835\udc61\ud835\udc5f\ud835\udc4e\ud835\udc56\ud835\udc5b\ud835\udc56\ud835\udc5b\ud835\udc54 + \ud835\udc4c\ud835\udc5c\ud835\udc62\ud835\udc61\u210e \ud835\udc5c\ud835\udc62\ud835\udc61\ud835\udc60\ud835\udc56\ud835\udc51\ud835\udc52 \ud835\udc61\u210e\ud835\udc52 \ud835\udc59\ud835\udc4e\ud835\udc4f\ud835\udc5c\ud835\udc62\ud835\udc5f \ud835\udc53\ud835\udc5c\ud835\udc5f\ud835\udc50\ud835\udc52 \ud835\udc56\ud835\udc5b \ud835\udc52\ud835\udc51\ud835\udc62\ud835\udc50\ud835\udc4e\ud835\udc61\ud835\udc56\ud835\udc5c\ud835\udc5b \ud835\udc5c\ud835\udc5f \ud835\udc61\ud835\udc5f\ud835\udc4e\ud835\udc56\ud835\udc5b\ud835\udc56\ud835\udc5b\ud835\udc54) \n\n\fLast updated: March 2019 \n\nMultivariate regression and cross-validation techniques are used to impute missing values at the \ncountry level. The additional variables used for the imputation include a range of indicators, \nincluding labour market and school enrolment data. However, the imputed missing country values \nare only used to calculate the global and regional estimates; they are not used for international \nreporting on the SDG indicators by the ILO.  \nFor a more detailed methodological description, please refer to Trends Econometric Models: A \nReview of Methodology (ILO, Geneva, 2010), available at \nhttp://www.ilo.org/wcmsp5/groups/public/---ed_emp/---emp_elm/---\ntrends/documents/publication/wcms_120382.pdf . \n \n\n\u2022  At regional and global levels \n\n \n\nRegional aggregates: \nThe NEET aggregates are derived from the Trends Econometric Models (TEM) that are used to produce \nglobal and regional estimates of, amongst others, rates of youth not in employment. These models use \nmultivariate regression and cross-validation techniques to impute missing values at the country level, \nwhich are then aggregated to produce regional and global estimates. The regional and global NEET rates \nare obtained by first adding up, across countries, the numerator and denominator of the formula that \ndefines NEET rates - outlined above. Once both magnitudes are produced at the desired level of \naggregation, the ratio between the two is used to produce the NEET rate for each regional grouping and \nthe global level. Notice that this direct aggregation method can be used due to the imputation of missing \nobservations. For further information on the TEM, please refer to the technical background papers \navailable at: http://www.ilo.org/empelm/projects/WCMS_114246/lang--en/index.htm. \nSources of discrepancies: \n \nMethods and guidance available to countries for the compilation of the data at the national level: \n In order to calculate this indicator reliable data is needed on both the labour market situation and the \nparticipation in the educational system of the youth. This data is collected at the national level mainly \nthrough labour force surveys (or other types of household surveys with an employment module). For the \nmethodology of each national household survey, one must refer to the most comprehensive survey \nreport or to the methodological publications of the national statistical office in question. \n\nILO Guidebook - Decent Work and the Sustainable Development Goals: A Guidebook on SDG \nLabour Market Indicators (https://www.ilo.org/stat/Publications/WCMS_647109/lang--\nen/index.htm ) \nILO Manual \u2013 Decent Work Indicators, Concepts and Definitions \u2013 Chapter 1, Employment \nopportunities http://www.ilo.org/integration/resources/pubs/WCMS_229374/lang--\nen/index.htm (second version, page 38) \nResolution concerning statistics of work, employment and labour underutilization \n\nhttp://www.ilo.org/global/statistics-and-databases/standards-and-guidelines/resolutions-adoptedby-\ninternational-conferences-of-labour-statisticians/WCMS_230304/lang--en/index.htm  \n\nInternational Standard Classification of Education 2011 (ISCED-2011) \n\nhttp://www.uis.unesco.org/Education/Pages/international-standard-classification-of-education.aspx  \n\nILOSTAT Metadata \u2013 Indicator Descriptions \u2013 Youth NEET rate  \nhttp://www.ilo.org/ilostat-files/Documents/description_NEET_EN.pdf  \nILOSTAT (www.ilo.org/ilostat) \n\n- \n\n- \n\n- \n\n- \n\n- \n\n- \n\n \nQuality assurance \n\n \n\n \n\n\fLast updated: March 2019 \n\nData consistency and quality checks regularly conducted for validation of the data before dissemination \nin the ILOSTAT database. \nIn many cases, data are reported to the ILO Department of Statistics through its annual questionnaire on \nlabour statistics, by national statistical offices or other relevant national agencies. Data are also received \nin other cases through agreements between the ILO Department of Statistics and regional or national \nstatistical agencies, or obtained through ILO processing of microdata sets of national household surveys. \nThe primary source of the data as well as the repository where applicable are indicated in the relevant \nmetadata and/or footnotes in ILOSTAT and in the SDG Indicators Global Database. \n \nData Sources \n\n \nDescription: \nThe preferred official national data source for this indicator is a household-based labour force survey.  \nIn the absence of a labour force survey, a population census and/or other type of household surveys with \nan appropriate employment module may also be used to obtain the required data.  \n \n \nCollection process: \nThe ILO Department of Statistics sends out its annual questionnaire on labour statistics to all relevant \nagencies within each country (national statistical office, labour ministry, etc.) requesting for the latest \nannual data available and any revisions on numerous labour market topics and indicators, including many \nSDG indicators. Indicator 8.6.1 is calculated from statistics submitted to the ILO Department of \nStatistics via this questionnaire as well as through special agreements with regional and national \nstatistical offices or through the processing of microdata sets of national labour force surveys. \n \nData Availability \n\n \nDescription: \n \nTime series: \nData for this indicator is available as of 2000 in the SDG Indicators Global Database, but longer time series \nare available in ILOSTAT. \n \n \nCalendar \n\n \nData collection: \nThe ILO Department of Statistics sends out its annual questionnaire on labour statistics, usually in the 2nd \nquarter, with a view to receiving the requested statistics by the 3rd quarter or the end of the year at the \nlatest. Data received in batch from regional and national statistical offices and data obtained through the \nprocessing of microdata sets of national household surveys by the ILO Department of Statistics are \ncontinuously updated in ILOSTAT (as they become available to the ILO Department of Statistics). \n \n \n\n \n\n \n\n\fLast updated: March 2019 \n\nData release: \nThe ILO Department of Statistics' online database ILOSTAT is continuously updated to reflect statistics \ncompiled and processed every week. In general, statistics for EUROSTAT and OECD countries are available \naround the 2nd or 3rd quarter of the year following the year of reference, whereas they are usually \navailable around the 3rd or 4th quarter of the year following the year of reference for the other \ncountries. \n \nData providers \n\nMainly National Statistical Offices, and in some cases Labour Ministries or other related agencies, at the \ncountry-level. In some cases, regional or international statistical offices can also act as data providers. \n \nData compilers \n\nILO \n \nReferences \n\n- \n\n- \n\n- \n\n- \n- \n\nILO Guidebook - Decent Work and the Sustainable Development Goals: A Guidebook on SDG \nLabour Market Indicators (https://www.ilo.org/stat/Publications/WCMS_647109/lang--\nen/index.htm ) \n\n-  Decent Work Indicators Manual: http://www.ilo.org/wcmsp5/groups/public/---dgreports/---\n\nstat/documents/publication/wcms_223121.pdf    \nResolution concerning statistics of work, employment and labour underutilization, adopted by \nthe 19th ICLS in 2013: http://www.ilo.org/global/statistics-and-databases/standards-and-\nguidelines/resolutions-adoptedby-international-conferences-of-labour-\nstatisticians/WCMS_230304/lang--en/index.htm  \nInternational Standard Classification of Education (ISCED) developed by UNESCO: \nhttp://www.uis.unesco.org/Education/Pages/international-standard-classification-of-\neducation.aspx  \n\n-  What does NEETs mean and why is the concept so easily misinterpreted? (ILO, W4Y, Technical \n\nbrief n\u00b01): http://www.ilo.org/wcmsp5/groups/public/---dgreports/---\ndcomm/documents/publication/wcms_343153.pdf  \nILOSTAT database: www.ilo.org/ilostat \nILOSTAT Metadata \u2013 Indicator Descriptions (http://www.ilo.org/ilostat-\nfiles/Documents/description_NEET_EN.pdf) \n \n\n \nRelated indicators \n\n \n\n \n\n \n \n\n \n\n\f",
    "dataPublishedBy": "United Nations Statistics Division",
    "dataPublisherSource": null
}