sources

{
    "link": "https://unstats.un.org/sdgs/indicators/database/",
    "retrievedDate": "15-November-19",
    "additionalInfo": "Last updated: March 2019 \n\nGoal 8: Promote sustained, inclusive and sustainable economic growth, full and productive employment \nand decent work for all \nTarget 8.5: By 2030, achieve full and productive employment and decent work for all women and men, \nincluding for young people and persons with disabilities, and equal pay for work of equal value \nIndicator 8.5.1: Average hourly earnings of female and male employees, by occupation, age and \npersons with disabilities \n \nInstitutional information \n\n \nOrganization(s): \nInternational Labour Organisation (ILO) \n \nConcepts and definitions \n\n \nDefinition: \nThis indicator provides information on the mean hourly earnings from paid employment of employees by \nsex, occupation, age and disability status.  \n \nRationale: \nEarnings are a key aspect of quality of employment and living conditions. Information on hourly earnings \ndisaggregated by various classifications (sex, age, occupation, disability status) provides some indication \nof the extent to which pay equality is respected or achieved.  \n \nConcepts: \nEarnings refer to the gross remuneration in cash or in kind paid to employees, as a rule at regular \nintervals, for time worked or work done together with remuneration for time not worked, such as annual \nvacation, other type of paid leave or holidays. Earnings exclude employers\u2019 contributions in respect of \ntheir employees paid to social security and pension schemes and also the benefits received by employees \nunder these schemes. Earnings also exclude severance and termination pay.  \nFor international comparability purposes, statistics of earnings used relate to employees\u2019 gross \nremuneration, i.e. the total before any deductions are made by the employer in respect of taxes, \ncontributions of employees to social security and pension schemes, life insurance premiums, union dues \nand other obligations of employees.  \nAs stated in the indicator title, data on earnings should be presented on the basis of the arithmetic \naverage of the hourly earnings of all employees. \n \nComments and limitations: \nThe variety of possible sources for statistics on earnings greatly hinders international comparability, as \neach type of source has its own coverage, scope and characteristics. It would not be fully accurate to \ncompare, for example, hourly earnings from a labour force survey for one country with hourly earnings \nfrom an establishment survey for another.  \nThe use of non-standard definitions and the heterogeneity of operational criteria applied further hamper \ncross-country comparisons.  \n \n\n \n\n \n\n\fLast updated: March 2019 \n\nMethodology \n\n \nComputation Method: \nStatistics on average hourly earnings by sex can be used to calculate the gender pay gap, as follows: \nGender pay gap=  (\u3016Average hourly earnings\u3017_Men- \u3016Average hourly earnings\u3017_Women)/\u3016Average \nhourly earnings\u3017_Men   x 100 \n \nDisaggregation: \nThis indicator should be disaggregated by sex, occupation, age and disability status. \n \nTreatment of missing values: \nNA \n\n \n\nResolution concerning the International Classification of Status in Employment (ICSE), adopted by \n\nResolution concerning the measurement of employment-related income, adopted by the \n\nRegional aggregates: \nNA \n \nSources of discrepancies: \nNA \n \nMethods and guidance available to countries for the compilation of the data at the national level: \n- \nSixteenth International Conference of Labour Statisticians (January 1998), available at \nhttp://www.ilo.org/global/statistics-and-databases/standards-and-guidelines/resolutions-adopted-by-\ninternational-conferences-of-labour-statisticians/WCMS_087490/lang--en/index.htm   \n- \nthe Fifteenth International Conference of Labour Statisticians (January 1993), available at \nhttp://www.ilo.org/global/statistics-and-databases/standards-and-guidelines/resolutions-adopted-by-\ninternational-conferences-of-labour-statisticians/WCMS_087562/lang--en/index.htm  \n-  \nInternational Conference of Labour Statisticians (January 1973), available at \nhttp://www.ilo.org/global/statistics-and-databases/standards-and-guidelines/resolutions-adopted-by-\ninternational-conferences-of-labour-statisticians/WCMS_087496/lang--en/index.htm  \n- \nhttp://www.ilo.org/wcmsp5/groups/public/---dgreports/---\nstat/documents/presentation/wcms_315657.pdf  \n \nQuality assurance \nNA \n \nData Sources \n\nResolution concerning an integrated system of wages statistics, adopted by the Twelfth \n\nILO manual: An integrated system of wages statistics, available at \n\n \nDescription: \nThere are a variety of possible sources of data on employees\u2019 earnings.  \nEstablishment surveys are usually the most reliable source, given the high accuracy of earnings figures \nderived from them (the information typically comes from the payroll, so is precise). However, the scope \n\n \n\n \n\n\fLast updated: March 2019 \n\nof these statistics is limited to the coverage of the establishment survey in question (usually excluding \nsmall establishments, agricultural establishments and/or informal sector establishments). \nHousehold surveys (and especially labour force surveys) can provide earnings statistics covering all \neconomic activities, and all establishment types and sizes, but the quality of the data is highly dependent \non the accuracy of respondents\u2019 answers. \nData on earnings could also be derived from a variety of administrative records. \n \nData Availability \n\n \nNA \n \nCalendar \n\n \nNA \n \nData providers \n\nAt the national level, the agency responsible for producing data on earnings is usually the national \nstatistical office. \n \nData compilers \n\nInternational Labour Organisation (ILO) \n \nReferences \n\n \nDecent Work and the Sustainable Development Goals: A Guidebook on SDG Labour Market Indicators, \navailable at https://www.ilo.org/stat/Publications/WCMS_647109/lang--en/index.htm  \nResolution concerning the measurement of employment-related income, adopted by the Sixteenth \nInternational Conference of Labour Statisticians (January 1998), available at \nhttp://www.ilo.org/global/statistics-and-databases/standards-and-guidelines/resolutions-adopted-by-\ninternational-conferences-of-labour-statisticians/WCMS_087490/lang--en/index.htm   \nResolution concerning the International Classification of Status in Employment (ICSE), adopted by the \nFifteenth International Conference of Labour Statisticians (January 1993), available at \nhttp://www.ilo.org/global/statistics-and-databases/standards-and-guidelines/resolutions-adopted-by-\ninternational-conferences-of-labour-statisticians/WCMS_087562/lang--en/index.htm  \nResolution concerning an integrated system of wages statistics, adopted by the Twelfth International \nConference of Labour Statisticians (January 1973), available at http://www.ilo.org/global/statistics-and-\ndatabases/standards-and-guidelines/resolutions-adopted-by-international-conferences-of-labour-\nstatisticians/WCMS_087496/lang--en/index.htm  \nILO manual: An integrated system of wages statistics, available at \nhttp://www.ilo.org/wcmsp5/groups/public/---dgreports/---\nstat/documents/presentation/wcms_315657.pdf  \n\n \n\n \n\n\fLast updated: March 2019 \n\nILOSTAT\u2019s indicator description on earnings and labour cost, at http://www.ilo.org/ilostat-\nfiles/Documents/description_EAR_EN.pdf   \nInternational Standard Classification of Occupations (ISCO-08) \nhttp://www.ilo.org/public/english/bureau/stat/isco/isco08/    \n \nRelated indicators \n\n1.1.1, 5.5.2, 8.2.1, 10.4.1 \n \n\n \n\n \n\n\f",
    "dataPublishedBy": "United Nations Statistics Division",
    "dataPublisherSource": null
}