sources

{
    "link": "https://unstats.un.org/sdgs/indicators/database/",
    "retrievedDate": "15-November-19",
    "additionalInfo": "Last updated: March 2019 \n\nGoal: Promote sustained, inclusive and sustainable economic growth, full and productive employment \nand decent work for all \nTarget: Promote development-oriented policies that support productive activities, decent job creation, \nentrepreneurship, creativity and innovation, and encourage the formalization and growth of micro-, \nsmall- and medium-sized enterprises, including through access to financial services \nIndicator: 8.3.1: Proportion of informal employment in non\u2011agriculture employment, by sex \n \nInstitutional information \n\n \nOrganization(s): \nILO \n \nConcepts and definitions \n\n \nDefinition: \nThis indicator presents the share of non-agricultural employment which is classified as informal \nemployment. \n \nRationale: \nIn contexts where social protection coverage is limited, social security benefits (such as unemployment \ninsurance) are insufficient or even inexistent, and/or where wages and pensions are low, individuals may \nhave to take up informal employment to ensure their livelihood. In these situations, indicators such as \nthe unemployment rate would provide a very incomplete picture of the labour market situation, \noverlooking major deficits in the quality of employment. Statistics on informality are key to assessing the \nquality of employment in an economy, and are relevant to developing and developed countries alike \n(ILOSTAT indicator description for informality, available at \nhttp://www.ilo.org/ilostatfiles/Documents/description_IFL_EN.pdf). \n \nConcepts: \nEmployment comprises all persons of working age who during a specified brief period, such as one week \nor one day, performed work for others in exchange for pay or profit. \n \nInformal employment comprises persons who in their main or secondary jobs were in one of the \nfollowing categories: \n- Own-account workers, employers and members of producers\u2019 cooperatives employed in their own \ninformal sector enterprises (the characteristics of the enterprise determine the informal nature of their \njobs); \n- Own-account workers engaged in the production of goods exclusively for own final use by their \nhousehold (e.g. subsistence farming); \n- Contributing family workers, regardless of whether they work in formal or informal sector enterprises \n(they usually do not have explicit, written contracts of employment, and are not subject to labour \nlegislation, social security regulations, collective agreements, etc., which determines the informal nature \nof their jobs); \n- Employees holding informal jobs, whether employed by formal sector enterprises, informal sector \nenterprises, or as paid domestic workers by households (employees are considered to have informal jobs \n\n \n\n \n\n\fLast updated: March 2019 \n\nif their employment relationship is, in law or in practice, not subject to national labour legislation, income \ntaxation, social protection or entitlement to certain employment benefits). \n \nAn enterprise belongs to the informal sector if it fulfils the three following conditions: \n- It is an unincorporated enterprise (it is not constituted as a legal entity separate from its owners, and it \nis owned and controlled by one or more members of one or more households, and it is not a quasi-\ncorporation: it does not have a complete set of accounts, including balance sheets); \n- It is a market enterprise (it sells at least some of the goods or services it produces); \n- The enterprise is not registered or the employees of the enterprise are not registered or the number of \npersons engaged on a continuous basis is below a threshold determined by the country. \n \nComments and limitations: \nThe considerable heterogeneity of definitions and operational criteria used by countries to measure \ninformal employment greatly hinders the international comparability of statistics on informality.  \nAlso, the scope of this indicator is limited to non-agriculture. However, to have a comprehensive picture \nof the importance of informality in the economy and to better understand its patterns, statistics on \ninformal employment should be produced and analysed for both agricultural and non-agricultural \nactivities. \n \nMethodology \n\n \nComputation Method: \n\nProportion of informal employment in non agricultural employment\n\n=  \n\nInformal employment in non agricultural activities\n\nTotal employment in non agricultural activities\n\n  \u00d7 100 \n\n \nDisaggregation: \nData on this indicator is requested disaggregated by sex. \nIn order to produce this indicator, employment statistics disaggregated by formal / informal employment \nand by economic activity (agriculture / industry / services) are needed. \n \nTreatment of missing values: \n \n\n\u2022  At country level \n\n\u2022  At regional and global levels \n\n \n\n \n\nRegional aggregates: \n \n \nSources of discrepancies: \n \nMethods and guidance available to countries for the compilation of the data at the national level: \nILO Guidebook - Decent Work and the Sustainable Development Goals: A Guidebook on SDG \nLabour Market Indicators (https://www.ilo.org/stat/Publications/WCMS_647109/lang--\nen/index.htm) \n\n- \n\n \n\n \n\n\fLast updated: March 2019 \n\n- Resolution concerning statistics of employment in the informal sector, adopted by the Fifteenth \nInternational Conference of Labour Statisticians (January 1993), available at \nhttp://ilo.org/global/statistics-and-databases/standards-and-guidelines/resolutions-adopted-\nbyinternational-conferences-of-labour-statisticians/WCMS_087484/lang--en/index.htm  \n- Guidelines concerning a statistical definition of informal employment, adopted by the Seventieth \nInternational Conference of Labour Statisticians (November-December 2003) available at \nhttp://ilo.org/global/statistics-and-databases/standards-and-guidelines/guidelines-adopted-\nbyinternational-conferences-of-labour-statisticians/WCMS_087622/lang--en/index.htm  \n- ILO manual Measuring informality: A statistical manual on the informal sector and informal employment \navailable at http://www.ilo.org/wcmsp5/groups/public/---dgreports/---dcomm/---\npubl/documents/publication/wcms_222979.pdf  \n \nQuality assurance \nWith a view to ensuring data quality and reliability, and especially cross-country comparability, the ILO \nderives statistics on informal employment based on a standard definition and standard operational \ncriteria through processing microdata sets from household surveys. \nThanks to this exercise, two series of indicators on informality are disseminated in the ILO\u2019s central \nstatistical database, ILOSTAT (www.ilo.org/ilostat): one referring to the statistics produced and reported \nby countries, and another based on ILO\u2019s standard criteria (harmonized). \nFor the purposes of international reporting on the SDG indicators, both series are used (the country-\nreported estimates of informal employment are submitted alongside the ILO harmonized estimates of \ninformal employment). \n \nData Sources \n\n \nDescription: \nThe preferred source of data for this indicator is a labour force survey, with sufficient questions to \ndetermine the informal nature of jobs and whether the establishment where the person works in belongs \nto the formal or the informal sector. \n \nCollection process: \nThe ILO Department of Statistics sends out its annual questionnaire on labour statistics to all relevant \nagencies within each country (national statistical office, labour ministry, etc.) requesting for the latest \nannual data available and any revisions on numerous labour market topics and indicators, including many \nSDG indicators. Indicator 8.3.1 is calculated from statistics submitted to the ILO Department of \nStatistics via this questionnaire as well as through special agreements with regional and national \nstatistical offices or through the processing of microdata sets of national labour force surveys. \n \nData Availability \n\n \nDescription:  \nBoth country-reported estimates and ILO harmonized estimates of informal employment are available in \nILOSTAT (www.ilo.org/ilostat). \n \n\n \n\n \n\n\fLast updated: March 2019 \n\nTime series: \n \nCalendar \n\n \nData collection: \nThe ILO Department of Statistics sends out its annual questionnaire on labour statistics usually in the 2nd \nquarter, with a view to receiving the requested statistics by the 3rd quarter or the end of the year at the \nlatest. Data received in batch from regional and national statistical offices and data obtained through the \nprocessing of microdata sets of national labour force surveys by the ILO Department of Statistics are \ncontinuously updated in ILOSTAT (as they become available to the ILO Department of Statistics). \n \nData release: \nThe ILO Department of Statistics' online database ILOSTAT is continuously updated to reflect statistics \ncompiled and processed every week.  \n \nData providers \n\n \nMainly National Statistical Offices. \nData compilers \n\n \nILO \nReferences \n\n- \n\n- \n\nILO Guidebook - Decent Work and the Sustainable Development Goals: A Guidebook on SDG \nLabour Market Indicators (https://www.ilo.org/stat/Publications/WCMS_647109/lang--\nen/index.htm) \nResolution concerning statistics of employment in the informal sector, adopted by the Fifteenth \n\nInternational Conference of Labour Statisticians (January 1993), available at \nhttp://ilo.org/global/statistics-and-databases/standards-and-guidelines/resolutions-adopted-\nbyinternational-conferences-of-labour-statisticians/WCMS_087484/lang--en/index.htm  \n\n-  Guidelines concerning a statistical definition of informal employment, adopted by the Seventieth \n\nInternational Conference of Labour Statisticians (November-December 2003) available at \nhttp://ilo.org/global/statistics-and-databases/standards-and-guidelines/guidelines-adopted-\nbyinternational-conferences-of-labour-statisticians/WCMS_087622/lang--en/index.htm  \n\nILO manual Measuring informality: A statistical manual on the informal sector and informal \nemployment, available at http://www.ilo.org/wcmsp5/groups/public/---dgreports/---dcomm/--- \n\npubl/documents/publication/wcms_222979.pdf  \n\nILOSTAT\u2019s indicator description on informality, at \nhttp://www.ilo.org/ilostatfiles/Documents/description_IFL_EN.pdf  \nResolution concerning statistics of work, employment and labour underutilization adopted by the \n\n- \n\n- \n\n- \n\nNineteenth International Conference of Labour Statisticians (October 2013), available at \nhttp://ilo.org/global/statistics-and-databases/standards-and-guidelines/resolutions-adopted-\nbyinternational-conferences-of-labour-statisticians/WCMS_230304/lang--en/index.htm  \n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n\f- \n\nInternational Standard Industrial Classification of All Economic Activities (ISIC Rev.4) \n\nLast updated: March 2019 \n\nhttps://unstats.un.org/unsd/cr/registry/isic-4.asp  \n \n \nRelated indicators \n\n \n1.1.1, 1.3.1, 8.5.2 \n\n \n\n \n\n\f",
    "dataPublishedBy": "United Nations Statistics Division",
    "dataPublisherSource": null
}