sources: 2822

{
    "link": "http://www.fas.harvard.edu/~histecon/energyhistory/energydata_beta.html",
    "retrievedDate": "08/08/2017",
    "additionalInfo": "Data published by the Joint Center for History and Economics has been sourced from a range of authors and publications, referenced below.\r\n\r\nThe authors note:\r\n\r\n1. Firewood consumption has been calculated in a variety of ways by the various authors. Sometimes totals are not included for the later part of the series, even if IEA or other organizations report it. The same applies to other forms of energy such as incinerated waste products;\r\n\r\n2. this work considers as primary electricity the following sources: geothermal (only for electricity); hydropower, nuclear power, wind, photo\u00advoltaics, tidals, wave and solar thermal (only for electricity). Generally electricity that has been derived from firewood, wastes, or other biomass is not included in \u2018primary electricity\u2019 as this entails thermal losses;\r\n\r\n3. non-energy uses of oil and natural gas are excluded from the totals.\r\n\r\nOriginal references:\r\n\r\nItaly: Malanima, Paolo, Energy consumption in Italy, 1861-2000, CNR (2006) in Kander et al, Power to the People (Princeton, 2013).\r\n\r\nPortugal: Henriques, S, Energy Transitions, Economic Growth and Structural Change: Portugal in a Long-run Comparative Perspective, Lund Studies in Economic History (2011).\r\n\r\nSpain: Elaborated by Mar Rubio for Kander, Astrid; Gales, Ben; Rubio, Mar; Paolo Malanima, \"North versus South: Energy transition and energy intensity in Europe over 200 years\", European Review of Economic History 11/2, (2007).\r\n\r\nFrance:Elaborated by Ben Gales, Paolo Malanima and Paul Warde for Kander et al, Power to the People (Princeton, 2013).\r\n\r\nGermany: Elaborated by Ben Gales and Paul Warde for Kander et al, Power to the People (Princeton, 2013).\r\n\r\nSweden: Kander, Astrid, Economic growth, energy consumption and CO2 emissions in Sweden, Lund Studies in Economic History, 2002, with further elaborations until 2008 from Swedish National Statistics.\r\n\r\nEngland and Wales:Updated from Warde, Paul, Energy Consumption in England & Wales, 1560-2004 (Naples: CNR, 2007).\r\n\r\nCanada: Richard W. Unger, John Thistle, Energy Consumption in Canada in the 19th and 20th Centuries. A Statistical Outline, (Naples: CNR, 2013)\r\n\r\nUruguay: Adapted from: Bertoni, Reto (2011). Energ\u00eda y desarrollo: la restricci\u00f3n energ\u00e9tica en Uruguay como problema, 1882-2000. Montevideo: Universidad de la Rep\u00fablica.",
    "dataPublishedBy": "Joint Center for History and Economics, Harvard University and University of Cambridge. Energy History.",
    "dataPublisherSource": "Literature sources (see references below)"
}