sources: 17949

{
    "link": "https://www.rug.nl/ggdc/historicaldevelopment/maddison/releases/maddison-project-database-2020",
    "retrievedDate": "16/11/2020",
    "additionalInfo": "Full citation: \nMaddison Project Database, version 2020. Bolt, Jutta and Jan Luiten van Zanden (2020), \u201cMaddison style estimates of the evolution of the world economy. A new 2020 update\u201d.\n\nThe database draws on the following work for individual countries:\n\nArgentina\n1800 - 1870 \tPrados de la Escosura, L. (2009). \u201cLost Decades? Economic Performance in Post-Independence Latin America,\u201d Journal of Latin America Studies 41: 279\u2013307 (updated data)\n1870 - 1900 \tBertola, L and Ocampo, J.A. (2012) The Economic Development of Latin America since Independence. Oxford, Oxford U.P\n\t\nBelgium\t\n1\tScheidel, W. and Friesen, S. J., \u2018The size of the economy and the distribution of income in the Roman Empire\u2019, Journal of Roman Studies, 99 (2009), pp. 61\u201391\n1500- 1846 \tBuyst, E. (2011), \u201cTowards Estimates of Long Term Growth in the Southern Low Countries, ca.1500-1846\u201d, Results presented at the Conference on Quantifying Long Run Economic Development, Venice, 22-24 March, 2011\n\t\nBulgaria\t\n1892-1945 \tIvanov, M. (2006). \u201cBulgarian National Income between 1892 and 1924,\u201d Bulgarian National Discussion Papers DP/54/2006\n\t\nBosnia and Herzegovina\t\n1952-2008\tMilanovic (2011). Estimates provided to the Maddison-Project\n\t\nBolivia (Plurinational State of)\t\n1846-1950\tHerranz-Lonc\u00e1n, A. and Peres-Caj\u00edas (2016). \u201cBolivian GDP per capita since the mid-nineteenth century\u201d Cliometrica 10: 99-128\n\t\nBrazil\t\n1800 - 1870 \tPrados de la Escosura, L. (2009). \u201cLost Decades? Economic Performance in Post-Independence Latin America,\u201d Journal of Latin America Studies 41: 279\u2013307 (updated data)\n1850\u20131899\tBarro, R.J. and J.F. Ursua, (2008). \u201cMacroeconomic Crises since 1870\u201d Brookings Papers on Economic Activity, Economic Studies Program, The Brookings Institution, vol. 39(1 (Spring), pages 255-350\n\t\nSwitzerland\t\n1\tScheidel, W. and Friesen, S. J., \u2018The size of the economy and the distribution of income in the Roman Empire\u2019, Journal of Roman Studies, 99 (2009), pp. 61\u201391\n1850-2011\tStohr, Christian (2016), Trading Gains: new estimates of Swiss GDP, 1851-2008. Economic History Working Papers, 245/2016. London School of Economics and Political Science, Economic History Department, London, UK\n\t\nChile\t\n1810\u20132004\tD\u00edaz, J.B. L\u00fcders, R. and Wagner, G. (2007) Economia Chilena 1810 - 2000, Producto total y sectorial una nueva mirada, Pontificia universidad Catolica de Chile, Insituto de Economia, Documeno de Trabajo no. 315\n\t\nChina\t\n1000-1661\tBroadberry, S.N., Guan, Hanhui and David Daokui Li (2018), \u201cChina, Europe and the Great Divergence: a Study in Historical National Accounting, 980-1850\u201d, Journal of Economic History, 78, 4, 955-1000\n1661\u20131933\tBroadberry, S.N., Guan, Hanhui and David Daokui Li (2018), \u201cChina, Europe and the Great Divergence: a Study in Historical National Accounting, 980-1850\u201d, Journal of Economic History, 78, 4, 955-1000\n1661\u20131933\tXu, Y. Z. Shi, B. van Leeuwen, Y Ni, Z Zhang, and Y Ma, (2016) 'Chinese National Income, ca. 1661-1933', Australian Economic History Review 57(3), 368\u2013393 \n1952\u20132008\tWu, Harry X. (2014), \u201cChina\u2019s growth and productivity performance debate revisited \u2013 Accounting for China\u2019s sources of growth with a new data set\u201d The Conference Board Economics Program Working Paper Series EWP#14-01.\n\t\nColombia\t\n1800 - 1870 \tPrados de la Escosura, L. (2009). \u201cLost Decades? Economic Performance in Post-Independence Latin America,\u201d Journal of Latin America Studies 41: 279\u2013307 (updated data)\n1870 - 1923 \tBertola, L and Ocampo, J.A. (2012) The Economic Development of Latin America since Independence. Oxford, Oxford U.P.\n\t\nCzechoslovakia\t\n1993 - \tBased on GDP and population data for their successor states\n\t\nCuba\t\n1690\u20131895\tSantamaria Garcia, A. (2005). Las Cuentas nacionales de Cuba, 1960 - 2005', mimeo\n1902\u20131958\tWard, M. and Devereux, J. (2012), \u201cThe Road Not Taken: Pre-Revolutionary Cuban Living Standards in Comparative Perspective\u201d Journal of Economic History, 72(1): 104\u2013132\n\t\nGermany\t\n1500-1850\tPfister, U. (2011). \u201c Economic growth in Germany, 1500\u20131850\u201d, Paper presented at the Conference on Quantifying Long Run Economic Development, Venice, 22-24 March, 2011\n\t\nEcuador\t\n1833-1938\tPrados de la Escosura, L. (2009). \u201cLost Decades? Economic Performance in Post-Independence Latin America,\u201d Journal of Latin America Studies 41: 279\u2013307. (updated data). We use the growth rate between 1933 and 1938 from Prados de la Escosura (2009) and link that to the 1939 level of Maddison\u2019s original estimates. \n\t\nEgypt\t\n1\tScheidel, W. and Friesen, S. J., \u2018The size of the economy and the distribution of income in the Roman Empire\u2019, Journal of Roman Studies, 99 (2009), pp. 61\u201391\n700 \u2013 1500 \tPamuk, \u015e. and M. Shatzmiller (2011). \u201cReal Wages and GDP per capita in the Medieval Islamic Middle East in Comparative Perspective, 700-1500\u201d, paper presented at the 9th Conference of the European Historical Economics Society, Dublin, September 2-3, 2011.\n1820, 1870, 1913, 1950\tPamuk, S. (2006), Estimating Economic Growth in the Middle East since 1820, The Journal of Economic History, vol 66, no. 3, pp. 809 - 828\n\t\nSpain\t\n1\tScheidel, W. and Friesen, S. J., \u2018The size of the economy and the distribution of income in the Roman Empire\u2019, Journal of Roman Studies, 99 (2009), pp. 61\u201391\n1270-1850\t\u00c1lvarez-Nogal, C. and L. Prados de la Escosura (2013). \"The Rise and Fall of Spain (1270-1850),\" Economic History Review, 66, 1, 1-37, using their annual benchmarks\n1850\u20132016\tPrados de la Escosura, L. (2017), Spanish Economic Growth, 1850-2015 (London: Palgrave Macmillan)\n\t\nFinland\t\n1600\u20131860\tEloranta, J., Voutilainen, M. and Nummela, I. (2016).  \u201cEstimating Finnish Economic Growth Before 1860\u201d mimeo.\n\t\nFrance\t\n1\tScheidel, W. and Friesen, S. J., \u2018The size of the economy and the distribution of income in the Roman Empire\u2019, Journal of Roman Studies, 99 (2009), pp. 61\u201391\n1250\u20131800\tRidolfi, L. (2016) \u201cThe French economy in the longue dur\u00e9e. A study on real wages, working days and economic performance from Louis IX to the Revolution (1250-1789)\u201d Dissertation IMT School for Advanced Studies, Lucca, available at http://e-theses.imtlucca.it/211/1/Ridolfi_phdthesis.pdf\n\t\nUnited Kingdom\t\n1\tScheidel, W. and Friesen, S. J., \u2018The size of the economy and the distribution of income in the Roman Empire\u2019, Journal of Roman Studies, 99 (2009), pp. 61\u201391\n1252\u20131700 (England)\tBroadberry, S.N., B. Campbell, A. Klein, M. Overton and B. van Leeuwen (2015), British Economic Growth 1270-1870 Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.\n1700\u20131870\tBroadberry, S.N., B. Campbell, A. Klein, M. Overton and B. van Leeuwen (2015), British Economic Growth 1270-1870 Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.\n\t\nGreece\t\n1\tScheidel, W. and Friesen, S. J., \u2018The size of the economy and the distribution of income in the Roman Empire\u2019, Journal of Roman Studies, 99 (2009), pp. 61\u201391\n1833-1913\tKostelenos G., S. Petmezas, D. Vasiliou,  E. Kounaris and M. Sfakianakis, (2007), \"Gross Domestic Product 1830-1939\", Sources of Economic History of Modern Greece: Quantitative data and statistical series 1830-1939, Historical Archives of the National Bank of Greece, Athens. \n\t\nCroatia\t\n1952-2008\tMilanovic (2011). Estimates provided to the Maddison-Project\n\t\nIndonesia\t\n1815 \u2013 1880 (Java)\tVan Zanden (2012). \u201cEconomic Growth in Java 1815-1939: The Reconstruction of the Historical National Accounts of a Colonial Economy\u201d, Maddison-Project Working Paper WP-3.\n1880-2008\tVan der Eng, P. (2010). The Sources of Long-Term Economic Growth in Indonesia, 1880-2008\u201d,  Explorations in Economic History, 47: 294-309\n\t\nIndia\t\n1600\u20131870\tBroadberry, S.N., Custodis, J. and Gupta, B. (2015), \u201cIndia and the great divergence: an Anglo-Indian comparison of GDP per capita, 1600\u20131871\u201d Explorations in Economic History, 55: 58-75.\n\t\nIran (Islamic Republic of)\t\n1820, 1870, 1913, 1950\tPamuk, S. (2006), Estimating Economic Growth in the Middle East since 1820, The Journal of Economic History, vol 66, no. 3, pp. 809 - 828\n\t\nIraq\t\n1\tScheidel, W. and Friesen, S. J., \u2018The size of the economy and the distribution of income in the Roman Empire\u2019, Journal of Roman Studies, 99 (2009), pp. 61\u201391\n700 \u2013 1500 \tPamuk, \u015e. and M. Shatzmiller (2011). \u201cReal Wages and GDP per capita in the Medieval Islamic Middle East in Comparative Perspective, 700-1500\u201d, paper presented at the 9th Conference of the European Historical Economics Society, Dublin, September 2-3, 2011.\n1820, 1870, 1913, 1950\tPamuk, S. (2006), Estimating Economic Growth in the Middle East since 1820, The Journal of Economic History, vol 66, no. 3, pp. 809 - 828\n\t\nIsrael\t\n1\tScheidel, W. and Friesen, S. J., \u2018The size of the economy and the distribution of income in the Roman Empire\u2019, Journal of Roman Studies, 99 (2009), pp. 61\u201391\n\t\nItaly\t\n1310-1871 (North Italy)\tMalanima, P. (2010), \u201cThe long decline of a leading economy: GDP in central and northern Italy, 1300\u20131913\u201d European Review of Economic History 15 (2): 169\u2013219.\n1871-1990\tBaffigi, A. (2011).\u201dItalian National Accounts, 1861-2011\u201d, Banca d\u2019Italia Economic History Working Papers 18. \n\t\nJamaica\t\n1850 - 1938 \tPrados de la Escosura, L. (2009). \u201cLost Decades? Economic Performance in Post-Independence Latin America,\u201d Journal of Latin America Studies 41: 279\u2013307 (updated data)\n\t\nJordan\t\n1\tScheidel, W. and Friesen, S. J., \u2018The size of the economy and the distribution of income in the Roman Empire\u2019, Journal of Roman Studies, 99 (2009), pp. 61\u201391\n1820, 1870, 1913, 1950\tPamuk, S. (2006), Estimating Economic Growth in the Middle East since 1820, The Journal of Economic History, vol 66, no. 3, pp. 809 - 828\n\t\nJapan\t\n724-1874\tBassino, Jean-Pascal & Broadberry, Stephen & Fukao, Kyoji & Gupta, Bishnupriya & Takashima, Masanori, (2018). \"Japan and the Great Divergence, 730-1874,\" CEI Working Paper Series 2018-13, Center for Economic Institutions, Institute of Economic Research, Hitotsubashi University\n1874-1940\tFukao, K., Bassino, J.-P., Makino, T., Paprzycki, R., Settsu, T., Takashima, M., and Tokui, J. (2015) Regional Inequality and Industrial Structure in Japan: 1874-2008, Tokyo: Maruzen Publishing.\n\t\nRepublic of Korea\t\n1911-1990\tCha, M.S., Kim, N.N., Park, K.-J., Park, Y. (Eds.) (2020), Historical Statistics of Korea. Studies in Economic History, New York: Springer Publishing\n\t\nLebanon\t\n1820, 1870, 1913, 1950\tPamuk, S. (2006), Estimating Economic Growth in the Middle East since 1820, The Journal of Economic History, vol 66, no. 3, pp. 809 - 828\n\t\nMexico\t\n1550\u20131812\tArroyo Abad, L. and J.L. van Zanden (2016), \u201cGrowth under Extractive Institutions? Latin American Per Capita GDP in Colonial Times\u201d Journal of Economic History 76(4): 1182\u20131215. \n1812\u20131870\tPrados de la Escosura, L., (2009), \u2018Lost decades? Economic performance in post-independence Latin America\u2019, Journal of Latin America Studies, 41, pp. 279\u2013307. (updated data)\n1895\u20132003\tBarro, R.J. and J.F. Ursua, (2008). \u201cMacroeconomic Crises since 1870\u201d Brookings Papers on Economic Activity, Economic Studies Program, The Brookings Institution, vol. 39(1 (Spring), pages 255-350\n\t\nTFYR of Macedonia\t\n1952-2008\tMilanovic (2011). Estimates provided to the Maddison-Project\n\t\nMontenegro\t\n1952-2008\tMilanovic (2011). Estimates provided to the Maddison-Project\n\t\nMalaysia\t\n1900-1939\tNazrin Shah, S. (2017). Charting the Economy: Early 20th Century Malaya and Contemporary Malaysian Contrasts, Oxford University Press\n\t\nNetherlands\t\n1348\u20131807 (Holland)\tVan Zanden, J. L. and van Leeuwen, B. (2012), \u2018Persistent but not consistent: the growth of national income in Holland 1347\u20131807\u2019, Explorations in Economic History, 49 (2012), pp. 119\u201330.\n1807-1913\tSmits, J.P., E. Horlings and J.L. van Zanden (2000). The Measurement of Gross National Product and its Components 1800-1913 (Groningen Growth and Development Centre Monograph series no 5). \n\t\nNorway\t\n1820\u20131930\tGrytten, O.H. (2015). Norwegian gross domestic product by industry 1830 - 1930, Norges Bank Working paper 19/2015. Population from Maddison (2006)\n\t\nPanama\t\n1906\u20131945\tDe Corso, G. (2013). El crecimiento economico de Venuzuela, Desde la Oligarquia Conservadora Hasta La Revolucion Bolivariana: 1830-2012. Uno Vision cuantitativa *: Venezuelan Economic Growth From The Conservative Oligarchy To The Bolivarian Revolution (1830-2012), Revista De Historia Econ\u00f3mica / Journal of Iberian and Latin American Economic History, 31(3), 321-357. doi:10.1017/S0212610913000190\n\t\nPeru\t\n1600\u20131812\tArroyo Abad, L. and J.L. van Zanden (2016), \u201cGrowth under Extractive Institutions? Latin American Per Capita GDP in Colonial Times\u201d Journal of Economic History 76(4): 1182\u20131215. \n1812\u20131870\tSeminario, B. (2015). El Desarrallo de la Econom\u00eda Peruana en la Era Moderna, Universidad de Pacifico, Lima\n1870-1901\tBertola, L and Ocampo, J.A. (2012) The Economic Development of Latin America since Independence. Oxford, Oxford U.P\n\t\nPoland\t\n1409\u20131913\tMalinowski, M. and Van Zanden (2017), \u201cNational income and its distribution in preindustrial Poland in a global perspective\u201d Cliometrica, Volume 11, Issue 3, pp 375\u201340 \n\t\nD.P.R. of Korea\t\n1911-1943\tCha, M.S., Kim, N.N., Park, K.-J., Park, Y. (Eds.) (2020), Historical Statistics of Korea. Studies in Economic History, New York: Springer Publishing. \n1990-2015\tCha, M.S., Kim, N.N., Park, K.-J., Park, Y. (Eds.) (2020), Historical Statistics of Korea. Studies in Economic History, New York: Springer Publishing. \n\t\nPortugal\t\n1\tScheidel, W. and Friesen, S. J., \u2018The size of the economy and the distribution of income in the Roman Empire\u2019, Journal of Roman Studies, 99 (2009), pp. 61\u201391\n1530\u20131850\tPalma, N., & Reis, J. (2019). From Convergence to Divergence: Portuguese Economic Growth, 1527\u20131850. The Journal of Economic History, 79(2), 477-506. doi:10.1017/S0022050719000056\n\t\nRomania\t\n1862\u20131995\tAxenciuc, V. (2012). Produsul intern brut al Romaniei, Vol. 1, Institutl de Economie Nationala, Bucarest\n\t\nSaudi Arabia\t\n1820, 1870, 1913, 1950\tPamuk, S. (2006), Estimating Economic Growth in the Middle East since 1820, The Journal of Economic History, vol 66, no. 3, pp. 809 - 828\n\t\nSingapore\t\n1900\u20131959\tSugimoto, I. (2011), Economic growth of Singapore in the twentieth century: historical GDP estimates and empirical investigations, Economic Growth Centre Research Monograph ser., 2, http://www.worldscibooks.com/economics/7858.html (accessed on 30 Jan. 2013).\n\t\nSerbia\t\n1952-2008\tMilanovic (2011). Estimates provided to the Maddison-Project\n\t\nFormer USSR\t\n1885-1913 \tGregory, P. R. (1982). Russian National Income, 1885\u20131913, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press\n1913-1928 \tMarkevich, A. and M. Harrison (2011). \u201cGreat War, Civil War, and Recovery: Russia's National Income, 1913 to 1928\u201d, The Journal of Economic History, Volume 71 (3): 672 \u2013 703, table 6.\n1991 -\tBased on GDP and population data for their successor states\n\t\nSlovenia\t\n1952-2008\tMilanovic (2011). Estimates provided to the Maddison-Project\n\t\nSweden\t\n1300\u20131560\tKrantz, O. (2017) \u201cSwedish GDP 1300-1560 A Tentative Estimate\u201d Lund Papers in Economic History: General Issues; No. 152.\n1560\u20131950\tSch\u00f6n, L., and O. Krantz (2015) \u201cNew Swedish Historical National Accounts since the 16th Century in Constant and Current Prices\u201d Lund Papers in Economic History no. 140\n\t\nSyrian Arab Republic\t\n1820, 1870, 1913, 1950\tPamuk, S. (2006), Estimating Economic Growth in the Middle East since 1820, The Journal of Economic History, vol 66, no. 3, pp. 809 - 828\n\t\nTurkey\t\n1\tScheidel, W. and Friesen, S. J., \u2018The size of the economy and the distribution of income in the Roman Empire\u2019, Journal of Roman Studies, 99 (2009), pp. 61\u201391\n700 - 1820 \tPamuk, \u015e. and M. Shatzmiller (2011). \u201cReal Wages and GDP per capita in the Medieval Islamic Middle East in Comparative Perspective, 700-1500\u201d, paper presented at the 9th Conference of the European Historical Economics Society, Dublin, September 2-3, 2011; Milanovic, B. (2006), \u201cAn estimate of average income and inequality in Byzantium around year 1000,\u201d Review of Income and Wealth 52 (3).\n1500-1820\tPamuk, S. (2009). \u201cEstimating GDP per capita for the Ottoman Empire in a European Comparative Framework, 1500-1820\u201d,  paper presented at the XVth World Economic History Congress, August 2009, Utrecht\n\t\nTaiwan, Province of China\t\n1820 - 1940 \tFukao, K., D. Ma and T. Yuan (2007). Real GDP in Pre-War East Asia: A 1934-36 Benchmark Purchasing Power Parity Comparison with the U.S. Review of Income and Wealth, 53 (3): 503 - 537. Trend from original Maddison estimates applied to benchmark for 1934/36 \n\t\nUruguay\t\n1800-1870\tPrados de la Escosura, L. (2009). \u201cLost Decades? Economic Performance in Post-Independence Latin America,\u201d Journal of Latin America Studies 41: 279\u2013307. (updated data)\n1870\u20132014\tB\u00e8rtola, L. (2016). El PIB per Capita de Uruguay 1870 - 2016: una reconstruccion. PHES working paper No 48\n\t\nUnited States\t\n1650 - 1790 \tMcCusker, John J., \u2018Colonial Statistics\u2019, Historical Statistics of the United States: Earliest Time to the Present, in S. B. Carter, S. S. Gartner, M. R. Haineset al. New York, Cambridge University Press. V-671.\n1790 - 1870 \tSutch, R. (2006). National Income and Product. Historical Statistics of the United States: Earliest Time to the Present, in S. B. Carter, S. S. Gartner, M. R. Haineset al. New York, Cambridge University Press III-23-25.\n1800-1830\tPrados de la Escosura, L. (2009). \u201cLost Decades? Economic Performance in Post-Independence Latin America,\u201d Journal of Latin America Studies 41: 279\u2013307. (updated data)\n\t\nVenezuela (Bolivarian Republic of)\t\n1830\u20132012\tDe Corso, G. (2013). El crecimiento economico de Venuzuela, Desde la Oligarquia Conservadora Hasta La Revolucion Bolivariana: 1830-2012. Uno Vision cuantitativa *: Venezuelan Economic Growth From The Conservative Oligarchy To The Bolivarian Revolution (1830-2012), Revista De Historia Econ\u00f3mica / Journal of Iberian and Latin American Economic History, 31(3), 321-357. doi:10.1017/S0212610913000190\n\t\nFormer Yugoslavia\t\n1952-2008\tMilanovic (2011). Estimates provided to the Maddison-Project\n2008 -\tBased on GDP and population data for their successor states\n\t\nSouth Africa\t\n1700\u20131900 (Cape Colony)\tFourie, J. and Van Zanden, J.L. (2013). GDP in the Dutch Cape Colony: the Nationals Accounts of a Slave-Based Society, South African Journal of Economics, vol. 81 (4): 467 - 490\n\t",
    "dataPublishedBy": "Bolt, Jutta and Jan Luiten van Zanden (2020), \u201cMaddison style estimates of the evolution of the world economy. A new 2020 update\u201d.",
    "dataPublisherSource": "The Maddison Project Database is based on the work of many researchers that have produced estimates of economic growth for individual countries. The full list of sources for this historical data is given for each country below."
}