sources: 16191

{
    "link": "https://doi.org/10.23696/vdemcy18",
    "additionalInfo": "This variable was imported into the OWID database from Version 8 of the V-Dem Dataset. Here is the original metadata given by the V-Dem Codebook:\n\nIndicator Name: Electoral democracy index\n\nIndicator Code: v2x_polyarchy\n\nShort definition: To what extent is the ideal of electoral democracy in its fullest sense achieved?\n\nLong definition: The electoral principle of democracy seeks to embody the core value of making rulers responsive to citizens, achieved through electoral competition for the electorate's approval under circumstances when suffrage is extensive; political and civil society organizations can operate freely; elections are clean and not marred by fraud or systematic irregularities; and elections affect the composition of the chief executive of the country. In between elections, there is freedom of expression and an independent media capable of presenting alternative views on matters of political relevance. In the V-Dem conceptual scheme, electoral democracy is understood as an essential element of any other conception of representative democracy --- liberal, participatory, deliberative, egalitarian, or some other.\n\nData release: 6-8. Release 1-5 used a different, preliminary aggregation formula.\n\nAggregation method: The index is formed by taking the average of, on the one hand, the weighted average of the indices measuring Freedom of association thick (v2x_frassoc_thick), Clean elections (v2xel_frefair), Freedom of expression (v2x_freexp_altinf), Elected officials (v2x_elecoff), and Suffrage (v2x_suffr) and, on the other, the five-way multiplicative interaction between those indices. This is half way between a straight average and strict multiplication, meaning the average of the two. It is thus a compromise between the two most well known aggregation formulas in the literature, both allowing partial 'compensation' in one sub-component for lack of polyarchy in the others, but also punishing countries not strong in one sub-component according to the 'weakest link' argument. The aggregation is done at the level of Dahl's sub-components with the one exception of the non-electoral component. The index is aggregated using this formula: <br><br>v2x_polyarchy =  & .5 * MPI + .5 * API <br>& = .5 * (v2x_elecoff * v2xel_frefair *  v2x_frassoc_thick * <br>& v2x_suffr *  v2x_freexp_altinf) <br>& + .5 * ((1/8) * v2x_elecoff + (1/4) *  v2xel_frefair <br>&  + (1/4) * v2x_frassoc_thick + (1/8) * v2x_suffr <br>& + (1/4) * v2x_freexp_altinf)<br><br>",
    "dataPublishedBy": "V-Dem Institute",
    "dataPublisherSource": "Teorell, Jan, Michael Coppedge, Svend-Erik Skaaning, Staffan I. Lindberg (2016). \"Measuring Electoral Democracy with V-Dem Data: Introducing a New Polyarchy Index,\"  V-Dem Working Paper Series 2016(25); Coppedge, Michael, John Gerring, Carl Henrik Knutsen, Staffan I. Lindberg, Svend-Erik Skaaning, Jan Teorell, David Altman, Michael Bernhard, Agnes Cornell, M. Steven Fish, Haakon Gjerl\u00f8w, Adam Glynn, Allen Hicken, Joshua Krusell, Anna L\u00fchrmann, Kyle L. Marquardt, Kelly McMann, Valeriya Mechkova, Moa Olin, Pamela Paxton, Daniel Pemstein, Brigitte Seim, Rachel Sigman, Jeffrey Staton, Aksel Sundtr\u00f6m, Eitan Tzelgov, Luca Uberti, Yi-ting Wang, Tore Wig, and Daniel Ziblatt (2018). \"V-Dem Codebook v8\" Varieties of Democracy (V-Dem) Project; Coppedge, Michael, John Gerring, Carl Henrik Knutsen, Staffan I. Lindberg, Svend-Erik Skaaning, Jan Teorell, David Altman, Michael Bernhard, M. Steven Fish, Agnes Cornell, Sirianne Dahlum, Haakon Gjerl\u00f8w, Adam Glynn, Allen Hicken, Joshua Krusell, Anna L\u00fchrmann, Kyle L. Marquardt, Kelly McMann, Valeriya Mechkova, Juraj Medzihorsky, Moa Olin, Pamela Paxton, Daniel Pemstein, Josefine Pernes, Johannes von R\u00f6mer, Brigitte Seim, Rachel Sigman, Jeffrey Staton, Natalia Stepanova, Aksel Sundstr\u00f6m, Eitan Tzelgov, Yi-ting Wang, Tore Wig, Steven Wilson, and Daniel Ziblatt. 2018. \"V-Dem [Country-Year/Country-Date] Dataset v8\". Varieties of Democracy (V-Dem) Project. https://doi.org/10.23696/vdemcy18"
}