sources: 16166

{
    "link": "https://doi.org/10.23696/vdemcy18",
    "additionalInfo": "This variable was imported into the OWID database from Version 8 of the V-Dem Dataset. Here is the original metadata given by the V-Dem Codebook:\n\nIndicator Name: Rigorous and impartial public administration\n\nIndicator Code: v2clrspct\n\nShort definition: Are public officials rigorous and impartial in the performance of their duties?\n\nLong definition: This question focuses on the extent to which public officials generally abide by the law and treat like cases alike, or conversely, the extent to which public administration is characterized by arbitrariness and biases (i.e., nepotism, cronyism, or discrimination). <br>The question covers the public officials that handle the cases of ordinary people. If no functioning public administration exists, the lowest score (0) applies.\n\nResponses: 0:  The law is not respected by public officials. Arbitrary or biased administration of the law is rampant.<br>1:  The law is weakly respected by public officials. Arbitrary or biased administration of the law is widespread.<br>2:  The law is modestly respected by public officials. Arbitrary or biased administration of the law is moderate.<br>3:  The law is mostly respected by public officials. Arbitrary or biased administration of the law is limited.<br>4:  The law is generally fully respected by the public officials. Arbitrary or biased administration of the law is very limited.\n\nData release: 1-8.\n\n",
    "dataPublishedBy": "V-Dem Institute",
    "dataPublisherSource": "Pemstein, Dan, Kyle L. Marquardt, Eitan Tzelgov, Yi-Ting Wang, Joshua Krusell, and Farhad Miri (2018). \"The V-Dem Measurement Model: Latent Variable Analysis for Cross-National and Cross-Temporal Expert-Coded Data\", V-Dem Working Paper Series (21); Coppedge, Michael, John Gerring, Carl Henrik Knutsen, Staffan I. Lindberg, Svend-Erik Skaaning, Jan Teorell, David Altman, Michael Bernhard, Agnes Cornell, M. Steven Fish, Haakon Gjerl\u00f8w, Adam Glynn, Allen Hicken, Joshua Krusell, Anna L\u00fchrmann, Kyle L. Marquardt, Kelly McMann, Valeriya Mechkova, Moa Olin, Pamela Paxton, Daniel Pemstein, Brigitte Seim, Rachel Sigman, Jeffrey Staton, Aksel Sundtr\u00f6m, Eitan Tzelgov, Luca Uberti, Yi-ting Wang, Tore Wig, and Daniel Ziblatt (2018). \"V-Dem Codebook v8\" Varieties of Democracy (V-Dem) Project; Coppedge, Michael, John Gerring, Carl Henrik Knutsen, Staffan I. Lindberg, Svend-Erik Skaaning, Jan Teorell, David Altman, Michael Bernhard, M. Steven Fish, Agnes Cornell, Sirianne Dahlum, Haakon Gjerl\u00f8w, Adam Glynn, Allen Hicken, Joshua Krusell, Anna L\u00fchrmann, Kyle L. Marquardt, Kelly McMann, Valeriya Mechkova, Juraj Medzihorsky, Moa Olin, Pamela Paxton, Daniel Pemstein, Josefine Pernes, Johannes von R\u00f6mer, Brigitte Seim, Rachel Sigman, Jeffrey Staton, Natalia Stepanova, Aksel Sundstr\u00f6m, Eitan Tzelgov, Yi-ting Wang, Tore Wig, Steven Wilson, and Daniel Ziblatt. 2018. \"V-Dem [Country-Year/Country-Date] Dataset v8\". Varieties of Democracy (V-Dem) Project. https://doi.org/10.23696/vdemcy18"
}