id,name,description,createdAt,updatedAt,datasetId,additionalInfo,link,dataPublishedBy 17565,"Annual growth rate of real GDP per employed person (%) (UN SDG, 2019)","{""link"": ""https://unstats.un.org/sdgs/indicators/database/"", ""retrievedDate"": ""15-November-19"", ""additionalInfo"": ""Last updated: March 2019 \n\nGoal: Promote sustained, inclusive and sustainable economic growth, full and productive employment \nand decent work for all \nTarget: Achieve higher levels of economic productivity through diversification, technological upgrading \nand innovation, including through a focus on high-value added and labour-intensive sectors \nIndicator: 8.2.1: Annual growth rate of real GDP per employed person \n \nInstitutional information \n\n \nOrganization(s): \nILO \n \nConcepts and definitions \n\n \nDefinition: \nAnnual growth rate of real GDP per employed person conveys the annual percentage change in real Gross \nDomestic Product per employed person. \n \nRationale: \nThe real GDP per employed person being a measure of labour productivity, this indicator represents a \nmeasure of labour productivity growth, thus providing information on the evolution, efficiency and \nquality of human capital in the production process. \n \nEconomic growth in a country can be ascribed either to increased employment or to more effective work \nby those who are employed. This indicator casts light on the latter effect, being therefore a key measure \nof economic performance. Labour productivity (and growth) estimates can support the formulation of \nlabour market policies and monitor their effects. They can also contribute to the understanding of how \nlabour market performance affects living standards. \n \nConcepts: \nGross Domestic Product (GDP): It is the main measure of national output, representing the total value of \nall final goods and services within the System of National Accounts (SNA) production boundary produced \nin a particular economy (that is, the dollar value of all goods and services within the SNA production \nboundary produced within a country’s borders in a given year). According to the SNA, “GDP is the sum of \ngross value added of all resident producer units plus that part (possibly the total) of taxes on products, \nless subsidies on products, that is not included in the valuation of output … GDP is also equal to the sum \nof the final uses of goods and services (all uses except intermediate consumption) measured at \npurchasers’ prices, less the value of imports of goods and services GDP is also equal to the sum of primary \nincomes distributed by resident producer units.” \n \nReal Gross Domestic Product (GDP): Real GDP refers to GDP calculated at constant prices, that is, the \nvolume level of GDP, excluding the effect of inflation and favouring comparisons of quantities beyond \nprice changes. Constant price estimates of GDP are calculated by expressing values in terms of a base \nperiod. In theory, the price and quantity components of a value are identified and the price in the base \nperiod is substituted for that in the current period. \n \n\n \n\n \n\n\f \n\nLast updated: March 2019 \n\nEmployed persons: Persons of working age (usually defined as persons aged 15 and above) who, during a \nshort reference period such as a week, performed work for others in exchange for pay or profit (as stated \nin the Resolution concerning statistics of work, employment and labour underutilization adopted by the \n19th International Conference of Labour Statisticians). \n \nComments and limitations: \nOutput measures are obtained from national accounts and represent, as much as possible, GDP at market \nprices for the aggregate economy. However, despite common principles that are mostly based on the \nUnited Nations System of National Accounts, there are still significant problems in international \nconsistency of national accounts estimates, based on factors such as differences in the treatment of \noutput in services sectors, differences in methods used to correct output measures for price changes (in \nparticular, the use of different weighting systems to obtain deflators) and differences in the degree of \ncoverage of informal economic activities. \n \nData on employment used in the denominator of this indicator refer, as much as possible, to the average \nnumber of persons with one or more paid jobs during the year. That is, the reliability of the employment \ndata is also dependent on the degree of coverage of informal activities by the statistical source used. \n \nMethodology \n\n \nComputation Method: \n\nReal GDP per employed person = \n\nGDP at constant prices \n \n\nTotal employment\n\n \nThe numerator and denominator of the equation above should refer to the same reference period, for \nexample, the same calendar year. \n \nIf we call the real GDP per employed person “LabProd”, then the annual growth rate of real GDP per \nemployed person is calculated as follows: \n\nAnnual growth rate of real GDP per employed person = \n\n(LabProd in year n) – (LabProd in year n − 1)\n\n(LabProd in year n − 1)\n\n × 100 \n\n \nDisaggregation: \nNo disaggregation required for this indicator. \n \nTreatment of missing values: \n \n\n• At country level \n\n• At regional and global levels \n \n\n \n\n \n\nMultivariate regression techniques are used to impute missing employment values at the country \nlevel. \nFor a detailed description of the methodology used, please refer to Trends Econometric Models: A \nReview of Methodology (ILO, Geneva, 2010), available at \nhttp://www.ilo.org/empelm/pubs/WCMS_120382/lang--en/index.htm. \n \n\n\fLast updated: March 2019 \n\nRegional aggregates: \nTo address the problem of missing data, the ILO designed several econometric models which are used to \nproduce estimates of labour market indicators in the countries and years for which real data are not \navailable. The employment data derived from the Trends Econometric Models (TEM) are used to produce \nestimates on labour productivity. These models use multivariate regression techniques to impute missing \nvalues at the country level, which are then aggregated to produce regional and global estimates. For \nfurther information on the TEM, please refer to the technical background papers available at: \nhttp://www.ilo.org/empelm/projects/WCMS_114246/lang--en/index.htm. \n \nSources of discrepancies: \n \n \nMethods and guidance available to countries for the compilation of the data at the national level: \nSee: \n- \n\nEstimates and projections of labour market indicators \n(http://www.ilo.org/empelm/projects/WCMS_114246/lang--en/index.htm) \nILO Guidebook - Decent Work and the Sustainable Development Goals: A Guidebook on SDG \nLabour Market Indicators (https://www.ilo.org/stat/Publications/WCMS_647109/lang--\nen/index.htm) \nILO Manual – Decent Work Indicators, Concepts and Definitions – Chapter 1, Economic and social \ncontext for decent work http://www.ilo.org/integration/resources/pubs/WCMS_229374/lang--\nen/index.htm (second version, page 214) \nResolution concerning statistics of work, employment and labour underutilization \nhttp://www.ilo.ch/global/statistics-and-databases/standards-and-guidelines/resolutions-\nadopted-by-international-conferences-of-labour-statisticians/WCMS_230304/lang--\nen/index.htm \nSystem of National Accounts 2008 http://unstats.un.org/unsd/nationalaccount/sna2008.asp \nTrends Econometric Models: A Review of Methodology \nhttp://www.ilo.org/empelm/pubs/WCMS_120382/lang--en/index.htm \nILOSTAT Database (www.ilo.org/ilostat) \nILOSTAT Database – Metadata – Indicator Descriptions (Labour productivity, at: \nhttp://www.ilo.org/ilostat-files/Documents/description_PRODY_EN.pdf). \n\n- \n\n- \n\n- \n\n- \n- \n\n- \n- \n\n \nQuality assurance \n\n• \n\n \n\n \n \nData Sources \n\n \nDescription: \nOutput measures used in the numerator of this indicator (Gross Domestic Product) are best obtained \nfrom the production side of national accounts and represent, as much as possible, GDP at market prices \nfor the aggregate economy (adjusted for inflation, in constant prices). \n \nEmployment data used in the denominator are preferably derived from labour force or other household \nsurveys with an employment module. In the absence of a household survey, establishment surveys, \n\n \n\n \n\n\fLast updated: March 2019 \n\nadministrative records or official estimates based on reliable sources can be used as well as population \ncensuses. It is however important to note that employment data from establishment surveys will capture \nthe number of jobs and not the number of persons employed as preferred for the denominator. Also, \nestablishment surveys cover, in many cases, the formal sector and employers and employees only, not \naccounting for the whole economy. \n \nWhen calculating this indicator, it is important to ensure that the coverage of the employment data is \nconsistent with that of the national accounts. \n \nCollection process: \nFor the purposes of international reporting on the SDG indicators, the ILO uses country-level estimates of \nGDP in constant 2010 US$ from the World Bank’s World Development Indicators database and country-\nlevel estimates on employment from household surveys or derived from the ILO’s TEM to calculate levels \nand growth rates of labour productivity at the country, regional and global levels. \n \nData Availability \n\n \nDescription: \n \n \nTime series: \nData for this indicator is available as of 2000 in the SDG Indicators Global Database, but time series going \nback to 1991 and including projections up to 2022 are available in ILOSTAT. \n \nCalendar \n\n \nData collection: \n \n \nData release: \nILO estimates of labour productivity are part of the ILO Estimates and Projections series, analysed in the \nILO's World Employment and Social Outlook reports. Both the underlying ILO estimates and the WESO \nare released twice a year (May and January). \n \nData providers \n\nNational Statistical Offices, and in some cases Labour Ministries or other related agencies. \n \nData compilers \n\nILO. \n \nReferences \n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n\fLast updated: March 2019 \n\n- \n\nILO Guidebook - Decent Work and the Sustainable Development Goals: A Guidebook on SDG \nLabour Market Indicators (https://www.ilo.org/stat/Publications/WCMS_647109/lang--\nen/index.htm) \nEstimates and projections of labour market indicators \n\nResolution concerning statistics of work, employment and labour underutilization \n\n- \n(http://www.ilo.org/empelm/projects/WCMS_114246/lang--en/index.htm) \n \nILO Manual – Decent Work Indicators, Concepts and Definitions – Chapter 1, Economic and social context \nfor decent work http://www.ilo.org/integration/resources/pubs/WCMS_229374/lang--en/index.htm \n(second version, page 2149) \n- \nhttp://www.ilo.ch/global/statistics-and-databases/standards-and-guidelines/resolutions-adopted-by-\ninternational-conferences-of-labour-statisticians/WCMS_230304/lang--en/index.htm \n- \n- \nhttp://www.ilo.org/empelm/pubs/WCMS_120382/lang--en/index.htm \n- \n- \nhttp://www.ilo.org/ilostat-files/Documents/description_PRODY_EN.pdf). \n \n \nRelated indicators \n\nSystem of National Accounts 2008 http://unstats.un.org/unsd/nationalaccount/sna2008.asp \nTrends Econometric Models: A Review of Methodology \n\nILOSTAT Database (www.ilo.org/ilostat) \nILOSTAT Database – Metadata – Indicator Descriptions (Labour productivity, at: \n\n \n\n \n \n\n \n\n\f"", ""dataPublishedBy"": ""United Nations Statistics Division"", ""dataPublisherSource"": null}",2019-11-15 20:25:49,2019-11-15 20:25:49,4828,"Last updated: March 2019 Goal: Promote sustained, inclusive and sustainable economic growth, full and productive employment and decent work for all Target: Achieve higher levels of economic productivity through diversification, technological upgrading and innovation, including through a focus on high-value added and labour-intensive sectors Indicator: 8.2.1: Annual growth rate of real GDP per employed person Institutional information Organization(s): ILO Concepts and definitions Definition: Annual growth rate of real GDP per employed person conveys the annual percentage change in real Gross Domestic Product per employed person. Rationale: The real GDP per employed person being a measure of labour productivity, this indicator represents a measure of labour productivity growth, thus providing information on the evolution, efficiency and quality of human capital in the production process. Economic growth in a country can be ascribed either to increased employment or to more effective work by those who are employed. This indicator casts light on the latter effect, being therefore a key measure of economic performance. Labour productivity (and growth) estimates can support the formulation of labour market policies and monitor their effects. They can also contribute to the understanding of how labour market performance affects living standards. Concepts: Gross Domestic Product (GDP): It is the main measure of national output, representing the total value of all final goods and services within the System of National Accounts (SNA) production boundary produced in a particular economy (that is, the dollar value of all goods and services within the SNA production boundary produced within a country’s borders in a given year). According to the SNA, “GDP is the sum of gross value added of all resident producer units plus that part (possibly the total) of taxes on products, less subsidies on products, that is not included in the valuation of output … GDP is also equal to the sum of the final uses of goods and services (all uses except intermediate consumption) measured at purchasers’ prices, less the value of imports of goods and services GDP is also equal to the sum of primary incomes distributed by resident producer units.” Real Gross Domestic Product (GDP): Real GDP refers to GDP calculated at constant prices, that is, the volume level of GDP, excluding the effect of inflation and favouring comparisons of quantities beyond price changes. Constant price estimates of GDP are calculated by expressing values in terms of a base period. In theory, the price and quantity components of a value are identified and the price in the base period is substituted for that in the current period. Last updated: March 2019 Employed persons: Persons of working age (usually defined as persons aged 15 and above) who, during a short reference period such as a week, performed work for others in exchange for pay or profit (as stated in the Resolution concerning statistics of work, employment and labour underutilization adopted by the 19th International Conference of Labour Statisticians). Comments and limitations: Output measures are obtained from national accounts and represent, as much as possible, GDP at market prices for the aggregate economy. However, despite common principles that are mostly based on the United Nations System of National Accounts, there are still significant problems in international consistency of national accounts estimates, based on factors such as differences in the treatment of output in services sectors, differences in methods used to correct output measures for price changes (in particular, the use of different weighting systems to obtain deflators) and differences in the degree of coverage of informal economic activities. Data on employment used in the denominator of this indicator refer, as much as possible, to the average number of persons with one or more paid jobs during the year. That is, the reliability of the employment data is also dependent on the degree of coverage of informal activities by the statistical source used. Methodology Computation Method: Real GDP per employed person = GDP at constant prices Total employment The numerator and denominator of the equation above should refer to the same reference period, for example, the same calendar year. If we call the real GDP per employed person “LabProd”, then the annual growth rate of real GDP per employed person is calculated as follows: Annual growth rate of real GDP per employed person = (LabProd in year n) – (LabProd in year n − 1) (LabProd in year n − 1) × 100 Disaggregation: No disaggregation required for this indicator. Treatment of missing values: • At country level • At regional and global levels Multivariate regression techniques are used to impute missing employment values at the country level. For a detailed description of the methodology used, please refer to Trends Econometric Models: A Review of Methodology (ILO, Geneva, 2010), available at http://www.ilo.org/empelm/pubs/WCMS_120382/lang--en/index.htm. Last updated: March 2019 Regional aggregates: To address the problem of missing data, the ILO designed several econometric models which are used to produce estimates of labour market indicators in the countries and years for which real data are not available. The employment data derived from the Trends Econometric Models (TEM) are used to produce estimates on labour productivity. These models use multivariate regression techniques to impute missing values at the country level, which are then aggregated to produce regional and global estimates. For further information on the TEM, please refer to the technical background papers available at: http://www.ilo.org/empelm/projects/WCMS_114246/lang--en/index.htm. Sources of discrepancies: Methods and guidance available to countries for the compilation of the data at the national level: See: - Estimates and projections of labour market indicators (http://www.ilo.org/empelm/projects/WCMS_114246/lang--en/index.htm) ILO Guidebook - Decent Work and the Sustainable Development Goals: A Guidebook on SDG Labour Market Indicators (https://www.ilo.org/stat/Publications/WCMS_647109/lang-- en/index.htm) ILO Manual – Decent Work Indicators, Concepts and Definitions – Chapter 1, Economic and social context for decent work http://www.ilo.org/integration/resources/pubs/WCMS_229374/lang-- en/index.htm (second version, page 214) Resolution concerning statistics of work, employment and labour underutilization http://www.ilo.ch/global/statistics-and-databases/standards-and-guidelines/resolutions- adopted-by-international-conferences-of-labour-statisticians/WCMS_230304/lang-- en/index.htm System of National Accounts 2008 http://unstats.un.org/unsd/nationalaccount/sna2008.asp Trends Econometric Models: A Review of Methodology http://www.ilo.org/empelm/pubs/WCMS_120382/lang--en/index.htm ILOSTAT Database (www.ilo.org/ilostat) ILOSTAT Database – Metadata – Indicator Descriptions (Labour productivity, at: http://www.ilo.org/ilostat-files/Documents/description_PRODY_EN.pdf). - - - - - - - Quality assurance • Data Sources Description: Output measures used in the numerator of this indicator (Gross Domestic Product) are best obtained from the production side of national accounts and represent, as much as possible, GDP at market prices for the aggregate economy (adjusted for inflation, in constant prices). Employment data used in the denominator are preferably derived from labour force or other household surveys with an employment module. In the absence of a household survey, establishment surveys, Last updated: March 2019 administrative records or official estimates based on reliable sources can be used as well as population censuses. It is however important to note that employment data from establishment surveys will capture the number of jobs and not the number of persons employed as preferred for the denominator. Also, establishment surveys cover, in many cases, the formal sector and employers and employees only, not accounting for the whole economy. When calculating this indicator, it is important to ensure that the coverage of the employment data is consistent with that of the national accounts. Collection process: For the purposes of international reporting on the SDG indicators, the ILO uses country-level estimates of GDP in constant 2010 US$ from the World Bank’s World Development Indicators database and country- level estimates on employment from household surveys or derived from the ILO’s TEM to calculate levels and growth rates of labour productivity at the country, regional and global levels. Data Availability Description: Time series: Data for this indicator is available as of 2000 in the SDG Indicators Global Database, but time series going back to 1991 and including projections up to 2022 are available in ILOSTAT. Calendar Data collection: Data release: ILO estimates of labour productivity are part of the ILO Estimates and Projections series, analysed in the ILO's World Employment and Social Outlook reports. Both the underlying ILO estimates and the WESO are released twice a year (May and January). Data providers National Statistical Offices, and in some cases Labour Ministries or other related agencies. Data compilers ILO. References Last updated: March 2019 - ILO Guidebook - Decent Work and the Sustainable Development Goals: A Guidebook on SDG Labour Market Indicators (https://www.ilo.org/stat/Publications/WCMS_647109/lang-- en/index.htm) Estimates and projections of labour market indicators Resolution concerning statistics of work, employment and labour underutilization - (http://www.ilo.org/empelm/projects/WCMS_114246/lang--en/index.htm) ILO Manual – Decent Work Indicators, Concepts and Definitions – Chapter 1, Economic and social context for decent work http://www.ilo.org/integration/resources/pubs/WCMS_229374/lang--en/index.htm (second version, page 2149) - http://www.ilo.ch/global/statistics-and-databases/standards-and-guidelines/resolutions-adopted-by- international-conferences-of-labour-statisticians/WCMS_230304/lang--en/index.htm - - http://www.ilo.org/empelm/pubs/WCMS_120382/lang--en/index.htm - - http://www.ilo.org/ilostat-files/Documents/description_PRODY_EN.pdf). Related indicators System of National Accounts 2008 http://unstats.un.org/unsd/nationalaccount/sna2008.asp Trends Econometric Models: A Review of Methodology ILOSTAT Database (www.ilo.org/ilostat) ILOSTAT Database – Metadata – Indicator Descriptions (Labour productivity, at: ",https://unstats.un.org/sdgs/indicators/database/,United Nations Statistics Division